World Energy Outlook 2006

Table 5.3: Hard Coal* Net Inter-Regional Trade in the Reference Scenario
(million tonnes)
1980 2004 2010 2015 2030
OECD 19 218 224 225 188
OECD North America –82 –25 –16 –12 6
United States –83 –14 –4 1 16
Canada 1 –13 –16 –16 –17
OECD Pacific 28 42 4 –17 –110
OECD Asia 72 261 291 296 287
OECD Oceania –43 –220 –288 –314 –397
OECD Europe 73 201 237 254 292
Transition economies –4 –57 –73 –81 –95
Russia n.a. –50 –65 –72 –85
Developing countries –17 –141 –150 –144 –91
Developing Asia 2 –64 –56 –44 31
China –5 –72 –70 –67 –60
India 0 27 40 50 82
Indonesia –0 –96 –122 –139 –157
Other 6 77 96 113 167
Latin America 7 –33 –45 –51 –67
Brazil 5 16 16 18 22
Africa –27 –57 –65 –69 –84
Middle East 1 13 16 20 28
World 172 619 754 819 975
European Union n.a. 187 219 234 267
* Steam and coking coal.
Note: Negative figures denote exports; positive figures imports. World trade is calculated as the sum of steam
coal and coking coal. The figures for each region show the net trade in both types of coal combined. As a result,
the world total is slightly larger than the sum of the exports.
n.a. = not available.
Patterns of steam-coal trade see some significant changes. The Atlantic
market continues to be supplied mainly by South Africa, Colombia and
Russia, but the United States emerges as a new importer – albeit on a modest
scale – alongside Europe. EU output falls even faster than demand, so
imports continue to grow. In the Pacific market, India joins Japan, Korea and
Chinese Taipei as a large coal importer as domestic power-sector needs
outpace the growth of indigenous output. Indonesia, Australia and Russia
meet an increasing proportion of Pacific steam-coal import needs. China
132 World Energy Outlook 2006 - THE REFERENCE SCENARIO
© OECD/IEA, 2007