World Energy Outlook 2006

are breakthroughs in hydrogen storage and the infrastructure develops. The use
in fuel-cell vehicles of hydrogen from low-carbon or zero-carbon sources could
ultimately largely de-carbonise oil use in transport.
Looking beyond 2050, other options, like nuclear fusion, might emerge.
Fusion is a nuclear process that releases energy by joining together light
elements, as distinct from fission, produced by breaking apart heavy elements.
Its proponents believe it holds the promise of virtually inexhaustible, safe and
emission-free energy. Over the past two decades, the operation of a series of
experimental devices has considerably advanced the technology. Fusion power
generation as a commercial undertaking remains a long-term objective which
requires sustained research and development efforts, including materials and
system optimisation. Because of the potential benefits, very high shares of IEA
countries’ energy research and development budgets are allocated to
investigating its feasibility and potential. It is not likely to be deployed until at
least 2050.
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© OECD/IEA, 2007