12.Practice.Tests.for.the.SAT_2015-2016_1128p

Section 41
Practice Test Six 523
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
Read the passage and select the best answer for each question that follows. Some questions are about particular
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask
you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the conventions of standard written
English.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
(1) Vaccination has become one of the most important
and most widely used tools of modern medicine.
(2) However, very few people know the history of vaccines
and how they were developed. (3) Amazingly, the
idea of vaccination goes back almost 300 years-a time
when doctors still scoffed at the practice of washing
their hands between patients-and found its inspiration
in both traditional medicine and folklore. (4) The
first vaccine was important in its own right, but it also
provided the foundation for the many vaccines that
have been developed since.
(5) In the early 18th century, Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu traveled to Turkey with her family. (6) There,
she observed a traditional practice called "variolation,"
a process by which uninfected patients were exposed
to smallpox to infect them with a mild form of the
disease. (7) Variolation, however, still posed a risk of a
potentially fatal, full-scale smallpox infection. (8) Later
in the 18th century, Edward Jenner began to examine
a local legend. (9) It held that milkmaids who were
exposed to cowpox became immune to the more dangerous
smallpox. (10) The cowpox vaccine, by using
a relatively safe, related virus, became the standard
method of inoculating against smallpox.
(11) The cowpox vaccine developing from Jenner's
work set the standard for vaccines-to find a "safe"
virus that confers immunity without the risks of fullblown
infection. (12) Later, the French scientist Louis
Pasteur discovered that ineffective, outdated disease
cultures could still confer immunity and could do
so without causing infection. (13) He used this technique
to develop a vaccine for rabies in 1885. (14) The
technique of using "dead" viruses soon became an
important method for developing new vaccines. (15}
Vaccines using dead viruses include the diphtheria, the
flu, and the oral polio vaccine.
30. Which of the following is the best version of the
underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced
below)?
Amazingly, the idea of vaccination goes back almost
300 years-a time when doctors still scoffed at the
practice of washing their hands between patientsand
fo und its inspiration in both traditional
medicine and folklore.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) the idea of vaccination went back almost 300
years
( C) the idea of vaccination back almost 300 years
(D) for almost 300 years, the idea of vaccination
had gone back
(E) the idea of vaccination going back almost 300
years
31. Which is the best version of the underlined portion
of sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below)?
Later in the 18th century, Edward Jenner began to
examine a local legend. It held that milkmaids who
were exposed to cowpox became immune to the more
dangerous smallpox.
(A) a local legend, milkmaids
(B) a local legend and that milkmaids
( C) a local legend that although milkmaids
(D) a local legend that held that milkmaids
(E) a local legend that would hold that milkmaids
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