12.Practice.Tests.for.the.SAT_2015-2016_1128p

800
Section 8
Practice Test Nine
poses complex engineering problems because
of the heavy mechanical loads involved and the
range of motion required. Since there is no gener-
(80) ally accepted large-animal model for the human
bones and joints that orthopedic devices are
designed to replace, human evaluation is essential.
In developing each new implant, the experience
gained from human testing becomes the critical
(85) bottleneck in the experimental process. In the case
of artificial heart devices, engineering design is not
currently the main obstacle. Heart implants can
sustain patients for weeks while they await transplants.
These results are achieved with a
(90) variety of devices. But in other cases, the same
devices can fail to keep patients alive. It appears
that success depends less on the particular model
used than on the patient's age, overall health, and
the quality of postoperative care.
(95) Clearly, what is lacking today in coronary care
is not new devices or techniques but simply more
experience. How much blood should be pumped,
and for how long? How can the natural heart be
weaned from mechanical assistance? When do
( 100) the risks outweigh the benefits of further surgical
assistance? There is little justification for developing
new designs until such questions are adequately
answered, and they can be answered only in human
subjects.
7. The author of Passage 1 expects that future
experiments concerned with making bone from
muscle will
(A) encounter no serious problems
(B) be limited mostly to smaller animals
(C) be hindered by surgeons opposed to the
process
(D) face enormous technical obstacles
(E) involve larger animals and perhaps humans
8. In Passage 1, the author indicates all of the
following about osteogenin EXCEPT
9.
(A) current supplies are limited
(B) tests of its effectiveness have been limited
( C) its application can be easily controlled
(D) its safety for human use is undetermined
(E) some surgeons hesitate to use it
In line 37, "immediate" means
(A) near
(B) instant
(C) next in line
(D) directly understood
(E) current
10. The last paragraph in Passage 1 contains
(A) a review of current knowledge
(B) a qualification of an earlier remark
( C) a challenge to a contradictory view
(D) a summary of previous ideas
(E) a demand for an alternative approach
11. In Passage 2, the author intends the phrase "to die
young at a ripe age" (line 58) to mean
(A) dying prematurely from an illness or accident
(B) dying young of an illness prevalent among
older people
(C) extending one's life despite being ill
(D) maintaining a healthier body into old age
(E) living much longer than the average life span
12. The author's comments about medical ethicists in
paragraph 2 of Passage 2 are best described as
(A) embarrassed
(B) deferential
(C) disapproving
(D) amused
( E) sarcastic
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