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北京大学英语新闻网/Peking University News Professor Ye Qing Lectured on Issue of Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers at PKU By Zhou Yijun PKU NEWS 2004—03—14 http://ennews.pku.edu.cn/news.php?s=79574915 By Zhou Yijun Peking University, Mar.14th, 2004, Beijing: Professor Ye Qing, member of 10th NPC vice-chairpersons of Hubei branch of China Association Promoting Democracy and vice president of Hubei Statistics Bureau, was invited by Rural China Society of Peking University to give a lecture on issues concerned agriculture, countryside and farmers at Peking University Sunday evening. About eighty college students and two farmers from Hebei province were at present. Professor Ye firstly introduced new features of the newly elected NPC (National People's Congress) as compared to that of last year's. He said last NPC mainly 1368
北京大学英语新闻网/Peking University News concerned on the new leaders election while this year's NPC adds three more focuses: issues concerned agriculture, countryside and farmers, the modification of Constitution, and regional economy. Then he turned to the core issue of the lecture: the issues concerned agriculture, countryside and farmers. He quoted Nobel Economics Prize Winner Klein and Deng Xiaoping‘s words to stress the importance of the issues relevant to agriculture, countryside and farmers. Then he mainly told of three questions: what are the issues concerned agriculture, countryside and farmers and how they come into being; how will the government resolve these issues; the obstacles to resolving the issues. In the first part, he said that the issues concerned agriculture, countryside and farmers mainly consisted of five issues. Firstly, the gap between city areas and rural areas that becomes deeper and deeper. In 1985, the ratio of city residents‘ income to rural ones is 1.9 to 1. But last year, the figure rises to 3.32 to 1. If the social welfare and public production were included, the figure will be 5 to 1, while the average figure of the whole world is 1.5 to 1. Secondly, the burden on the shoulders of farmers is too heavy. All kinds of taxes and fees take up 7% of farmers‘ total income averagely in 2003. In some places, the figure can reach up to 20% or 30%, while the figure in 1988 is only 4.8%. Thirdly, rural finance in some places is near to bankrupt. Building new school buildings, the construction of broad roads, build new office building and other projects make the loans of some villages reach up to six millions RMB. All these fees impute to farmers. Fourthly, farmers are losing their fields. With the growth of private economy and industrialization progress, more and more local government officials in rural areas transfer a lot of field into factories. In the dealing between local officials and enterprisers, the government takes 20% of the lucre, private enterprisers 70%, farmers only 10%. At last, exceed labor in rural areas of China reach up to over 0.2 billion. Half of them go to cities to look for jobs. But they often can‘t get their salaries in time. The total salaries unpaid in the past years reach up to one hundred billions RMB. The figure in 2003 is 0.6 billion RMB. In the second part, Prof. Ye gave the solutions. One is NO.1 document of the central government. Another is the modification of Constitution. When using farmers‘ field as factories, government and enterpriser should compensate the farmers. The third, farmer shouldn‘t pay tax any more. Central government has decided to not tax the farmers any more or tax less in the following five years. It is said that when Premier Wen came to this point at the meeting, the applause lasted twelve seconds and the loudness detected is 88 db. The fourth is allowance. Government should give farmers agricultural allowance. ―It‘s a very strange phenomenon that only the government of China, Vietnam and North Korea don‘t give farmers allowance.‖ Professor Ye said. ―United States Government gives a farmer planting corn thirty thousand dollars allowance every year, while China‘s doing nothing.‖ Finally, to protect farmers‘ rights by passing related law and setting up related committees in NPC or CPPCC. Other solution included setting up agriculture insurance and so on. 1369
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