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北京大学英语新闻网/Peking University News To sum up, ―Smile Curve‖ tells us that innovation is necessary for enterprises to achieve high added value and a sustainable development. Especially for middle and small-sized enterprises for which high added value is difficult to achieve through brand and sales channel, innovation is almost their only way to high added value. Choosing A Suitable Way of Technical Innovation Science Times: Up till the end of 2006, middle and small-sized Chinese enterprises in China had been over 42 million which accounts for 99.8% and above in the total number of enterprises in China. Value of ultimate products and service from middle and small-sized take up about 60% of GDP. These enterprises also pay more than a half of the total tax and provide about 80% job vacancies. They have become a vital force in China‘s economic development. However, compared with some large-scale state-owned enterprises and multinational enterprises, China‘s middle and small sized enterprises are relatively weak in technical innovation and some even do not want to invest in technical innovation, what is your opinion? Ni Guangnan: In the past, since most enterprises especially private enterprises were small in size and weak in profit-making ability, they were not willing to invest in technical innovation. But as they are continuously growing up and the competition is becoming increasingly fierce, they are also aware of the importance of technical innovation. Nowadays many middle and small enterprises and private enterprises pay great importance to technical innovation and research development. For example, Hua Wei ranks top in investment on technical innovation as a private enterprise. Science Times: We also find in our interviews that quite many enterprises have been aware of the importance of technical innovation. Enterprises are seeking for innovation through various ways. Some have their own research development groups, some conduct cooperation with colleges and research institutions, and some even purchase advanced techniques from abroad. Some enterprises with their own technique and advantages have been exhibiting their characteristic development pattern. Could you please talk about how can enterprises choose a suitable way of technical innovation? Ni Guangnan: In choosing a way for technical innovation, enterprises should have their own plans instead of simply copying others. Of course, national characteristics in China have many common points. For example, ―combination of production, study and research‖ is characteristic in China, since a great many experts are in a few renowned colleges and research intuitions. The state has been spending a large sum of money on their research and ―combination of production, study and research‖ is a good way to make use of their advantage in intellectual resources and research products. In software industry, since open-source software has become a trend, it is 480
北京大学英语新闻网/Peking University News advisable to make a full use of it and conduct innovation at an advantageous starting point. Science Times: What should enterprises pay attention to in cooperating with colleges and research institutions? How do you think these institutions should help enterprises with their technical innovation? Ni Guangnan: A good combination of production, study and research should aim at the market. Enterprises are the principal part and they should direct the intellectual resources and research products to industrialization. Because of the difference in evaluation system, colleges and institutions pay more emphasis on papers and awards instead of market and profit. At this point, they need to renew their ideas. Besides, intellectual property should be dealt with properly to make sure that products from colleges and institutions are respected and receive their duly value, so that research staff can have more enthusiasm and initiative. Enterprises Should Have Their Own Guideline for Innovation Science Times: In recent decades, Chinese enterprises have been developing quite fast. However, in the perspective of the situation in the world, there is still a considerable gap between enterprises in China and developed countries. Is lack of technical innovation the main reason for that? Ni Guangnan: Indeed. It is a common phenomenon that Chinese enterprises do not have enough research and development input. For example, the average R&D input intensity in electron industry is 2.1%, the top 100 enterprises‘ input intensity is 3.9%, among which only 21 have an intensity of over 5%. The highest figure is in Hua Wei, 8.9%, and Zhong Xing 12.3%. In contrast, high-tech enterprises in developed countries normally have an input of over 10%. In this view, we still need some time to catch up with them. Science Times: From your contact with enterprises, what other problems do they have in technical enterprises and how to balance the relationship between technical innovation and development of enterprises? Ni Guangnan: Although our enterprises have shortcomings in their size and strength, the top obstacle is in their thoughts and concepts. Especially in the field of information industry, for which we are entering a new period in technology, China can definitely exert its fellow-up advantage through innovation and achieve cross-generation development. However, some people lack confidence in our people and give up innovation. For instance, in the field of software industry, some people do not believe that Chinese software enterprises can be at the top in 481
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