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<strong>International</strong> <strong>Teacher</strong> <strong>Education</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> <strong>2014</strong><br />

interested in this topic as an aid to the development of their designs. Lecturers should advocate looking at nature<br />

in new ways and ultimately this can inspire and motivate their students.<br />

Results<br />

1) There is a significant difference between group’s performance before and after the program, in addition is a<br />

significant difference between the experimental group and control group before and after the test. This<br />

confirms that the biomimicry has long-lasting effects which includes the development of skills such as selfreflection,<br />

critical and creative thinking for students.<br />

2) There are significant differences between group’s performance before and after the program, in addition is a<br />

significant difference between the experimental group and control group before and after the test. This<br />

confirms that the biomimicry could positively impact students’ design decisions and thinking skills.<br />

Recommendations<br />

In the light of the results obtained the researchers recommends the following:<br />

• <strong>Teacher</strong>s should be teaching the subject of biomimicry for students of art education in higher education.<br />

• The students should be encouraged to conduct mini-debates on biomimicry and elements of nature such as<br />

texture in order to develop their thinking skills.<br />

References<br />

Beyer. B.K. (2001) ‘Infusing Thinking in History and Social Sciences’ Costa.A.L. Developing Minds. A<br />

Resource book for <strong>Teacher</strong>s. (3 rd Edn)- Asociation for Supervision and Curriculum Development- Alexandria,<br />

USA.<br />

Benyus, J. (2002). Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York: Perennial.<br />

Biomimicry Guild (2007) Innovation Inspired by Nature Work Book, Biomimicry Guild, April.<br />

Claxton G. (2002) Building Learning Power- TLO Bristol.<br />

Dean J. (2002) Thinking Skills in Primary History, Nuffield History Project.<br />

Fisher R. (1995a) Teaching Children to Think-Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes.<br />

Fisher R. (1995b) Teaching Children to Learn-Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes.<br />

Fisher R. (1998) Teaching Thinking: Philosophical Enquiry in the Classroom- London,<br />

Fisher R. (2000) Thinking Skills: Adding Challenge to the Curriculum Department for <strong>Education</strong> Skills.<br />

Lourenci, A., Zuffo, J. A. & Gualberto, L. (2004) Incipient Emergy Expresses the Self-Organisation Generative<br />

Activity of Man-Made Ecomimetic Systems. In Ortega, E. & Ulgiati, S. (Eds.) IV Biennial <strong>International</strong><br />

Workshop. Advances in Energy Studies. Campinas, Brazil.<br />

McGuiness, C. (2002) Thinking Skills and Thinking Classrooms SCRE.<br />

McGuiness, C. (2000) ‘ACTS: A Methodology for Enhancing Thinking Skills across the Curriculum’ Teaching<br />

Thinking 1 (2).<br />

McKosky, M. (2012). Graphic Design Biomimicry, Margaret McKosky.<br />

Russell, J. A. (2004) Evaluating the Sustainability of an Ecomimetic Energy System: An Energy Flow<br />

Assessment of South Carolina. Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of South Carolina.<br />

Simmons C. (2011). Just Design: Socially Conscious Design for Critical Causes, HOW Books.<br />

Wallace,B. (ed.) (2001) Teaching Thinking Skills across the Primary Curriculum: A Practical Approach for All<br />

Abilities David Fulton/NACE.<br />

Wallace, B. & Bentley, R. (eds.) (2001) Teaching Thinking Skills across the Middle Years David Fulton/<br />

NACE.<br />

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