International Teacher Education Conference 2014 1

International Teacher Education Conference 2014
Explanation
T – Troposphere, S – Stratosphere, M- Mesosphere, T- Thermosphere
Overhead Projector and Overhead Transparencies. Even in this computer age, the overhead projector (OHP) is
still one of the most effective teaching aids in the classroom. A well-prepared OHP presentation can often be
more effective than an ill-prepared computer slideshow. Here are some tips in the usage of an OHP:
(1) Make sure that the lighting near the teaching podium is dimmed to allow easy viewing of the screen
contents.
(2) Move the OHP sideways if necessary to ensure that the projection falls on the centre of the screen
(3) Vary the distance between the OHP and the screen to maximize the size of the projection (Remember:
the image is enlarged by moving the OHP away from the screen)
(4) Make sure that the projection does not deviate too much from a square shape; use a book underneath
the OHP to adjust the tilt of the machine if necessary
(5) Make sure that the OHP is in focus
(6) To enhance readability, underline the keywords/phrases with a colour marker, or if typed notes are
shown, highlight them with a blue or green (but not yellow as it is too faint) marker
(7) Give a title to each transparency
(8) Use graphics to enhance effectiveness
(9) Do not write too much information on to a transparency
Transparencies can be prepared in one of the two ways: First, a laser printer can be connected to a computer,
which is loaded with a cartridge of cellulose acetate sheets. An image or document is then created within the
computer, though images are prevalent due to text being illegible at certain distances from a projection, and then
formatted to be printed. From there, the printer is engaged and the document printed on to the acetate sheet. It is
wise to test the transparency before sending it out to the person requesting it.
Uses for transparencies are as varied as the organizations that use them. Certain classes, such as those
associated with Mathematics or History, employ transparencies to illustrate a point or problem. Math classes in
particular use a roll of acetate sheet to illustrate sufficiently long problems and to create illustrations that a
computer cannot, due to the lack of math symbols on a standard computer keyboard. This problem is typically
limited to High School and College-level mathematics, because of the inclusion of Algebra and Calculus courses
in the syllabus. In recent years, more and more colleges are switching to digital projectors and PowerPoint
presentations.
Film-strips and Film-strip Projector. This is also a useful teaching-aid in which a filmstrip is projected on a
screen using a projector and a cassette is run in synchronization. In this way, the students view and listen the
lesson simultaneously, getting a thorough perception of the subject. A filmstrip is a spooled roll of 35 mm
positive film with approximately thirty to fifty images arranged in sequential order. A filmstrip is inserted
vertically down in front of the projector aperture, rather than horizontally as in a slide projector. Therefore, the
frame size is smaller than normal 35 mm film. A two-image frame of a filmstrip takes up the same amount of
space as a single 35mm frame, including its guard band, so that a 25 exposure 35mm film can contain fifty
filmstrip images. Earlier, celluloid filmstrips had a habit of melting or combusting from the intense and
sustained heat of the projection lamp. These were called ‘Pictural Filmstrips’ the first kind of filmstrips that
were produced in a complete set. Typically, a filmstrip's running time was between ten and twenty minutes.
Depending on how they were narrated or produced, filmstrips (which often came with an Instructor's Guide)
were flexible enough to be used in self-paced learning formats or in a format suited for a full classroom. This
teaching device is although obsolete in developed countries but can be used in developing countries as these are
much inexpensive as compared with LCD projectors.
Microslide System. Microslides are 35mm image strips that are viewed using a Microslide Viewer, made up of
high-impact styrene plastic. The viewer has two adjusting knobs for focusing. Each microslide lesson includes a
strip of 35 mm film (microslide) showing different images of stained specimens photographed under ideal
condition, from whole mount to electron micrographs. During the past thirty years, tens of thousands of teachers
have been using the Microslide System in their classrooms to teach a number of students at a time. Combining
superb photo-micrographs with detailed curriculum material and optional reproducible student activity sheets,
the Microslide System is a comprehensive classroom ready-resource that has been proven to help students in
learning. It provides micro-images that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. And, best of all, it is very
affordable. Each Microslide System has three parts as given below:
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