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<strong>International</strong> <strong>Teacher</strong> <strong>Education</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> <strong>2014</strong><br />

access information with easier access (including executive functions), and also build internal skills including<br />

self-regulation and motivation.<br />

Compared to other frameworks for curriculum design, including the many ESL guidelines that include<br />

TOEFEL and other placement test requirements, we found Universal Course Design practices to be consistent,<br />

well-researched, and approved by multiple national centers, state education departments, and school districts.<br />

While this case study reports on a pilot project, we anticipate that outside organizations such as ACW could help<br />

strengthen school networks in systemic change about meeting student challenges. For instance, early<br />

involvement with families of students considering colleges abroad would strengthen inclusive educational<br />

environments. In discussions with international student directors and other college administrators, there is<br />

agreement that short informational presentations that highlight how UCD within U.S. classrooms would help<br />

faculty, families, and other communities in understanding components and features.<br />

Future scholarship should consider building on existing research and development efforts by CAST and other<br />

initiatives; for instance, the U.S. Department of <strong>Education</strong> often funds special education and other grants for<br />

instructors “to provide all students, regardless of ability, with a high-quality education (U.S. Department of<br />

<strong>Education</strong>, 2006). While such opportunities often designate goals relating to improving results for students with<br />

disabilities, we found that many UCD accessibility guidelines fit the needs of international students.<br />

Considering factors such as accessible textbooks, response-to-instruction, and other approaches to assisting<br />

students can help reach every student, regardless of language or cultural context.<br />

Finally, our study is limited in that analysis of a small sampling of international students at a U.S. college<br />

cannot show if the adoption of UCD principles becomes important only in times of transition to classrooms or if<br />

such efforts might be magnified with initiatives before students leave their homes. This kind of renewal,<br />

especially with faculties facing increasing numbers of diverse learners, keeps student focus as a powerful subtext<br />

that open up education to more successful performances of all students.<br />

BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />

Access Project. (<strong>2014</strong>). Best Practices through Universal Design for Learning, Colorado State University.<br />

Retrieved January 25, <strong>2014</strong> from http://accessproject.colostate.edu/udl/video/index.cfm<br />

American College Writing. (<strong>2014</strong>). Mission and program descriptions retrieved January 25, <strong>2014</strong> from<br />

http://americancollegewriting.com<br />

Bailey, T. (2009). Challenge and Opportunity: Rethinking the Role and Function of Developmental <strong>Education</strong><br />

in Community College. New Directions for Community Colleges. 145. pp. 11-30.<br />

Bellevue College. (<strong>2014</strong>). College data and course catalogue descriptions, retrieved January 25, <strong>2014</strong> from<br />

www.bellevuecollege.edu<br />

CAST (<strong>2014</strong>). About UDL. Retrieved January 21, <strong>2014</strong>, from http://www.cast.org/udl/index.html.<br />

Hong E., & Peng Y. (2008). Do Chinese students’ perceptions of test value affect test performance? Mediating<br />

role of motivational and metacognitive regulation in test preparation Learning and Instruction, 18 (6) , pp. 499-<br />

512.<br />

IASystem, (<strong>2014</strong>). Retrieved January 25, <strong>2014</strong> from http://iasystem.org/.<br />

Intervention Central (<strong>2014</strong>). Oral Reading Fluency Passage Generator. Retrieved January 25, <strong>2014</strong>, from<br />

http://www.interventioncentral.org/teacher-resources/oral-reading-fluency-passages-generator<br />

Jin, Y. (2010). The place of language testing and assessment in the professional preparation of foreign language<br />

teachers in China. Language Testing. 27 (4). pp. 555-584.<br />

Li G, Chen W, & Duanmu J. (2010). ‘Determinants of <strong>International</strong> Students’ Academic Performance: A<br />

Comparison between Chinese and Other <strong>International</strong> Students’. Journal of Studies in <strong>International</strong><br />

<strong>Education</strong>, 14 (4), pp. 389-405.<br />

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