Minority v subsytéme kultúry

is not only individually varied, but it depends on the situation of human life and the entire national community. In extreme cases,identification can change quite radically, there are numerous examples of its uncertainty, it often remains hidden, but even thenit can clearly manifest in the changed conditions 252 .„A. Kłoskowska raises an important issue of the inability of determining thenational identification. In her theoretical concept she lists four types of national identification:1 Unified i.e. Integral2 Dual3 Ambivalent4 Cosmopolitan 253 .In Opole Silesia, the uniform identification is most often possessed by immigrants and their descendants, who describethemselves as Poles. Autochthons represent a range of terms from the Germans to Poles. We are dealing with national indifferenceand ambivalence. A significant proportion of people not wanting to identify with any of the big national groups definethemselves as Silesians. For most autochthons a one-word definition is not enough, and a clear national identification can onlybe given through a description 254 . We are also dealing with national conversion, or a change in national orientation during life.Examples of many people present the move from one nation to another, most often this transition is from Polish to German identification.Current examples also show the transition from German to Silesian identification. National conversion in Głogówekcovered both individuals and generations .4. National identification of the residents of Głogówek – dynamics of changeNational identification can be tested in two ways. Identification can take place on the basis of objective and subjectivequalities. The objective, when someone is classified under a nation based on certain characteristics (language, family of origin,place of birth, behavior). The subjective in turn, is based on self-declaration of an individual. Self-identification is necessary andseems to be sufficient as a criterion of belonging to the nation. Researched youth had the following responses in the surveyconducted in 1988.NationalityYoung autochthonsYoung immigrantsNumber % Number %Polish 62 54,9 112 99,1German 18 15,9 0 0Silesian 28 24,8 1 0,9I do not know 5 4,5 0 0No answer 0 0 0 0Total 113 100 113 100Tab. 1 National identification of the respondents (1988). N=226. Source: Own research and calculations.According to the survey, young immigrants did not have a problem with a national self-determination. Almost all describedthemselves as Poles and only one person as Silesian. There was a more complicated situation among the young autochthons.More than half identified themselves only as Poles, almost 16% as Germans and 25 % as Silesians. 5 people could not specify252 KŁOSKOWSKA A. Kultury narodowe u korzeni. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 1996. (83-01-11997-7), p.112.253 Ibid., p.27.254 SWADŹBA U. Młodzież pogranicza kulturowego a jej identyfikacje narodowe. In: Studia etnologiczne i antropologiczne. T. 2. Kultury regionalne i pograniczakulturowe a świadomość etniczna. Ed. I.BUKOWSKA-FLOREŃSKA. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. 1999. ISSN 0208-6336), p. 147-160.129