D-A-CH TAGUNG 2011 - SGEB

uncertainty related to the structural and geometric characteristics of the structure as well as tothe models developing them). The components of variability related to the demand and thecapacity are discussed in Refs. [38, 47-49].Figure 4. Studied area. (a) Distribution of buildings (total numbers) within the cells of 1 km x 1 km. (b)Distribution of bridges (vulnerable elements of a lifeline network). The numbers denote the type of the bridge inLiao and Loh [50] (see also Table 2).In our study, we used the PGA-based fragility curves developed by Liao et al. [45]. Theauthors reviewed the types of building structures in Taiwan and proposed the classification tobe implemented in the Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES). Analyticalfragility curves were developed by nonlinear static analysis using computer models of thestructures. Only the uncertainty of ground motion demand was used by Liao et al. to representthe total variability β SDS of the damage state. In our analysis, the vulnerability curves shouldcontain only variability related to characteristics of structures to avoid the double-counting ofground motion variability [38]. Porter et al. [48] showed that the influence of uncertainties inground shaking (intensity of shaking and details of ground motion at a given level) on theoverall uncertainty in seismic performance (repair cost) is approximately equal to the influenceof uncertainty in the capacity of building assemblies to resist the damage. Therefore, becausethe analysis of the relation between ground motion variability and the variability related to theconstruction properties is outside the scope of our study, here we assumed that the values ofstandard deviations given by Liao et al. [45] may be used to represent only uncertainty in theseismic capacity. The parameters of fragility curves, which were taken from Ref. [45] (TableIV, high-code variant), are listed in Table 2. The values of replacement cost (RC) for everytype of building were assigned arbitrarily (see Table 2); the total replacement cost for theportfolio containing 5,478 buildings was 5,077 Mln$.16410