The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

(cp. t!va ii.2), usually in combn y!va mah! (mahanta'), e. g. y!va mahanta' how big PvA 77 (= y!disa' of
Pv ii.119); VvA 325=DhA i.29 (y!va mahanta'). Also in other combns, like y!va dukkh! niray! how (or
as) many painful purgatories Sn 678; y!va dukkh! tiracch!nayoni M iii.169; y!va p!po aya' Devadatto
alakkhiko . . . "how very wicked is this D." Vin ii.196 Further in combn with attha('), and eva, in which
cases the final d is restored, or may be regarded as euphonic.
-- 555 --
Thus y!vad -- attha' as far as need be, as much as you like (with imper.) Pv iv.57 (kh!dassu y.); UbhA 504
(=yattaka' icchati tattaka'); J v.338; PvA 217 (ga*h!hi). Cp. Vin iii.37 (y!vadattha' katv! "pleasing
herself"). -- As adj. sufficient, plenty M i.12 (paripu**a . . . suhita y.); PvA 24 (=pah(ta). y!vad -- eva [cp.
the similar t!va -- d. -- eva] "as much as it is (in extent)" i. e. with limitation as far as is necessary, up to (i.
e. not further or more than), ever so much, as much as you like, at least; (then:) as far as, in short,
altogether, indeed. -- The same idea as our defn is conveyed by Bdhgh's at SnA 503 (on Sn p. 140)
"paricched' âvadh!ra*a -- vacana'," and at DhA ii.73 "avadhiparicchedana": giving a limitation, or saying
up to the limit. S ii.276; Sn p. 140; Dh 72; and in stock phrase "n'eva dav!ya . . . y!vad eva imassa k!yassa
&hitiy! . . ." ("in short"); see passages under y!tr!. The expln of y!vad eva in this phrase as given at DhsA
403 runs: "!h!r' !hara*e payojanassa pariccheda -- niyamadassana'," of which the trsln Expos. ii.512 is "so
as to suffice signifies the limit of the result of taking food." \eumann's trsln at M i.10 is "but only." --
Note. In the stock phrase of the Buddha's refusal to die until his teaching has been fully proclaimed
(Mah!parinibb!nasutta) "among gods and men" D ii.106 (=114, 219; iii.122; A iv.311) "y!va -- deva --
manussehi suppak!sita'" (trsln Dial. ii.113: "until, in a word, it shall have been well proclaimed among
men") we are inclined to consider the reading y!va deva˚ as original and better than y!vad -- eva, although
Rhys Davids (Dial. ii.236) is in favour of the latter being the original. Cf. K.S. ii.75 n. The phrase seems to
require y!va only as continuation of the preceding y!va's; moreover the spirit of the message is for the
whole of the worlds Cp. BSk. y!vad -- deva manusyebha1 Divy 201. It is not a restriction or special
definition of meaning at this passage. But may it not be taken as a summing up= "in short"? It is left
doubtful. If it is=y!va, then we should expect y!va na, as in the preceding sentence, if it is y!vad eva the
meaning "not more than made known by men" seems out of place; in this case the meaning "at least" is
preferable. A similar case of insertion of a euphonic consonant m (or is it the a -- stem nt in ˚' instead of ˚t
as in y!vat?) we find in the phrase y!vam pi at J v.508 (with Pot. ti&&heyya; see below 3; C. expln by
yattaka' k!la'). -- The form y!vade (for y!vad eva) also occurs (like t!vade for t!vad eva) at M ii.207. --
For yad -- ida' we find y!vañ c' ida' at A iii.34; M iii.169. -- The latter form (y!va', as above J v.508) is
better to be grouped directly under y!vant, where more & similar cases are given. -- 3. (as conj.) so long as,
whilst, until (cp. t!va ii.3, 4; iii.); either with Fut. or Pot. or Prohibitive. E.g. 'S i.202 (ahu pure
dhammapadesu chando y. vir!gena sam!gamimha; trsln "until I met with that Pure thing and Holy"); J
vi.266 (y. !mantaye); PvA 4 (t!va ayyo !gametu y!va aya' puriso . . . p!n"ya' pivissati or: "you shall wait
please, until he shall drink"). Neg. y!va . . . na not until, unless, as long as not D ii.106 (na paribb!yiss!mi .
. . y!va . . . na bhavissati); S i.47 (y. na g!dha' labhati); Dh 69 (yattaka' k!la' na . . . DhA ii.50). -- k!lika
(cp. t!va ii.1) "as far as the time or occasion goes," occasional, temporary, at Vin i.251 in foll. context (cp.
y!mak!lika): "kappati . . . y!vak!likena, y!mak!lika' na kappati, kappati y!vak!likena satt!ha k!lika' na
k. etc. with foll. y!vaj"vika' & the same with kappati y!ma -- k!likena, satt!ha -- k!likenana k.; kappati
satt˚, y!vaj"v, na k." The reply of the Buddha is: y!vak!likena y!mak!lika' tadahu pa&iggahita' k!le
kappati vik!le na kappati (same with satt!hak!lika' & y!vaj"vika'); followed by y!mak!likena . . .
satt!hak!lika' & y!vaj"vika'; satt!hak!likena . . . j!vaj"vika'." -- jiva' (adv.) for the length of one's life,
life -- long, all one's life, for life ( -- time) Vin i.80; ii.197; iii.23; It 78; Dh 64, 284; Vism 94; DhA i.45;
PvA 76, 110 (=satata'). Cp. BSk. y!vaj"va -- sukhya Av- ii.37. -- tajjan" ( -- vin"ta) led only as long as kept
under a threat A i.285 (one of the 3 paris!'s; so read with v.l. for T. y!vatajjh!˚). -- tatiyaka "as much as 3
times," name of the last 4 Sangh!disesa offences, because before the punishment is inflicted warning must
have been given 3 times: see passage of Vin iii.186 under y!va t -- iha'. -- tiha' (read as y!vat -- iha', the
latter=aha2 day) as many days as . . .; in foll. passage: uddi&&h! . . . terasa sangh!dises! dhamm!, nava
patham -- !pattik! catt!ro y!vatatiyak!, yesa' bhikkhu aññatara' v! aññatara' v! !pajjitv! y!vatiha' j!na'
pa&icch!deti t!vatiha' tena bhikkhun! ak!m! parivatthabba' (for as many days as he knowingly conceals
his sin, for so many days . . .), parivuttha -- pariv!sena bhikkhun! uttari' ch!ratta' bhikkhum!natt!ya
pa&ipajjitabba'. Vin iii.186.