The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Ruha
Ruha1 (adj.) ( -- ˚) [fr. ruh: see r(hati] growing, a tree, in cpds.: jagati˚, dhara*i˚, mah"˚, etc.
Ruha
Ruha2 [poetical for ruhira (rohita)=lohita] blood, in cpd. ruha'ghasa blood -- eater, a name for panther J
iii.481 (=ruhira -- bhakkha lohita -- p!yin C.).
Ruhira
Ruhira (nt.) [fr. rudhira] blood M iii.122; Th 1, 568; Vin ii.193; Miln 125, 220; Sdhp 38. -- akkhita (ruhir'
akkhita) "besmeared with blood" J iv.331, is to be read as ruhir' ukkhita of uk+).
R(ta
R(ta at J iii.276 read ruta (q. v.).
R(pa
R(pa (nt.) [cp. Vedic r(pa, connected etymologically with varpa (Grassmann). -- The nom. pl. is r(p! &
r(p!ni] form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc. -- A. Definitions. According to P. expositors r(pa
takes its designation fr. ruppati, e. g. "ruppanato r(pa'" Vism 588; "ruppan' a&&hena r." VbhA 3; "r(pa --
r(pa'= ruppana sabh!vena yutta'" Cpd. 1567 (where ruppati is, not quite correctly, given as "change"),
"ruppat" ti: tasm! r(pan ti vuccati" S iii.86; other defns are "r(payat" ti r(pa'" (with cakkhu & the other 10
!yatanas) VbhA 45; and more scientifically: "paresu r(p' !disu cakkhu -- pa&ihanana lakkha*a' r(pa'"
Vism 446. -- Of modern interpretations & discussions see e. g. Dhs. trsl. introd. ch. vi. (pp. 41 -- 63, or 248
-- 71); Dial. ii.244; Expos. 67n; Cpd. 270 sq. (where objections are raised to trsln "form," and as better
(philosophical) terms "matter," "material quality" are recommended). See also loka for similar etym. -- B.
(lit.) appearance, form, figure Dhs 597 sq. (=form either contrasted with what is unseen, or taken for both
seen and unseen), 751; Mhvs 27, 30 (s"ha -- vyaggh!dir(p!ni representations of lions, tigers etc.); 30, 68
(ravicanda -- t!ra -- r(p!ni id.); 36, 31 (loha˚ bronze statue); ThA 257. -- Esp. beautiful form, beauty S
iv.275= Pv ii.958 (as one of the 10 attributes, with sadda etc., of distinction: see also below D ii.a); Miln
285; Mhvs 20, 4 (r(pa -- m!nin" proud of her beauty); PvA 89. -- sur(pa very beautiful ThA 72; dur(pa of
evil form, ugly A ii.203 sq. (dubba**a+). -- In phrase r(pa' sikkhati Vin i.77=iv.129 the meaning is
doubtful; it may be "to study drawing, or arts & craft," or (with Mrs. Rh. D.) "weights & measures," or (w.
Hardy) "money changing." It is said that through this occupation the eyes become bad; it is opposed to
ga*an!. -- C. ( -- ˚) of such & such a form, like, kind, of a certain condition or appearance. In this appln
very frequent & similar to E. -- hood, or Ger. -- heit, i. e. an abstract formation. Often untranslatable
because of the latter character. It is similar to k!ya (cp. expln of !tura r(pa Vv 8314 by abhitunna --
k!ya Vva 328), but not so much with ref. to life & feeling as to appearance and looks. E. g. aneka˚ Sn 1079
(=anekavidha Nd2 54); adissam!na˚ invisible PvA 6 (lit. with invisible form); ummatta˚ as if mad, under
the appearance of madness, like a madman Pv i.81; ii.63; eva˚ in such a condition Pv ii.15; tapass"˚
appearing to be an ascetic Pv i.32; t!raka˚ the (shapes of the) stars Dhs 617; deva˚ as a deva PvA 92.
Pleonastically e. g. in: anupatta˚ attaining Pv iv.166; taram!na˚ quickly Pv ii.62; yutta˚ fit PvA 157; sucitta˚
variegated Pv i.109. -- Cases ad verbially: citta -- r(pa' according to intention Vin iii.161; iv.177; cetabba -
- r(pa' fit to be thought upon J iv.157. (=˚yuttaka' C.). -- atta -- r(pena on my own account S iv.97; godha
-- r(pena as an iguana Mhvs 28, 9. -- D. (as philos. t. t.) principle of (material) form, materiality, visibility.
-- There are var. groups of psychological and metaphysical systematizations, in which r(pa functions as the
material, gross factor, by the side of other, more subtle factors. In all these representations of r(pa we find
that an element of moral psychology overshadows the purely philosophical & speculative aspect. A detailed
(Abhidhammatic) discussion of r(pa in var. aspects is to be found at Dhs § 585 -- 980. 1. r(pa as
!yatana or sense object. It is the object of the activity or sphere of the organ of sight (cakkhu). As such it
heads the list of the 6 b!hir!ni !yatan!ni (see e. g. Nd2 p. 238 A -- E & !yatana3) with "cakkhun! r(pa'