The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

4sabha [the gu*a -- and compn. form of usabha, corresponding to Sk. !r+abha > %+abha, see usabha] (in
compn.) a bull, peculiar to a bull, bull -- like, fig. a man of strong & eminent qualities, a hero or great man,
a leader, thus in t!r˚ Sn 687; nar˚ Sn 684, 696; !sabha -- camma bull's hide J vi. 453 (v. l. usabha˚). --
&&h!na (as !sabha*&h!na) "bull's place", first place, distinguished position, leadership M i.69; S ii.27; A ii.8
(C. se&&ha -- &&h!na uttama -- &&h!na); iii.9; v.33 sq.; DA i. 31; KhA 104.
4sabhin
4sabhin (adj.) [fr. !sabha] bull -- like, becoming to a bull, lordly, majestic, imposing, bold; only in phrase
˚' v!ca' bh!sati "speak the lordly word" D ii.15, 82; M iii.123j J i.53; DA i.91; cp. D!vs i.28 (nicch!rayi
v!ca' !sabhi').
4sam!na
4sam!na (adj.) [ppr. of !sa'sati or !si'sati, for the usual earlier !sas!na] wishing, desiring, hoping,
expecting Vv 846 (ki' ! = ki' pacc!si' santo VvA 336); Pv iv.124 (= !si'sam!na patthayamana PvA 226).
4saya
4saya [! + $", cp. in similar meaning & derivation anusaya. The semantically related Sk. !$raya from ! + $ri
is in P. represented by assaya. Cp. also BSk. !$ayata1 intentionally, in earnest Divy 281; Av. - ii.161] -- 1.
abode, haunt, receptacle; dependence on, refuge, support, condition S i.38; Vin iii.151; J ii.99; Miln 257;
VvA 60; PvA 210; jal˚ river VvA 47; Pgdp 80; adj. depending on, living in ( -- ˚) Miln 317; Nd1 362 (bil˚,
dak˚ etc.). See also !m!saya, pakk!saya. -- 2. (fig.) inclination, intention, will, hope; often combd. &
compared with anusaya (inclination, hankering, disposition), e. g. at Ps i. 133; ii.158; Vbh 340; Vism 140
(˚posana); PvA 197. SnA 182 (˚vipatti), 314 (˚suddhi), KhA 103 (˚sampatti). Cp. nir!saya. -- 3.
outflow, excretion Pv iii.53 (gabbh˚ = gabbha -- mala PvA 198); Vism 344.
4sayati
4sayati [! + $"; lit. "lie on", cp. Ger. anliegen & Sk. !$aya = Ger. Angelegenheit] to wish, desire, hope,
intend J iv.291 (grd. !s!yana, gloss esam!na). See !saya.
4sava
4sava [fr. ! + sru, would corresp. to a Sk. *!srava, cp. Sk. !sr!va. The BSk. !$rava is a (wrong)
sankritisation of the P!li !sava, cp. Divy 391 & k+"n!$rava] that which
-- 115 --
flows (out or on to) outflow & influx. 1. spirit, the intoxicating extract or secretion of a tree or flower, O. C.
in Vin iv.110 (four kinds); B. on D iii.182 (five kinds) DhsA 48; KhA 26; J iv.222; vi.9. -- 2. discharge
from a sore, A i.124, 127 = Pug 30. -- 3. in psychology, t.t. for certain specified ideas which intoxicate the
mind (bemuddle it, befoozle it, so that it cannot rise to higher things). Freedom from the "4savas"
constitutes Arahantship, & the fight for the extinction of these !savas forms one of the main duties of man.
On the difficulty of translating the term see Cpd. 227. See also discussion of term !sava (= !savant" ti
!sav!) at DhsA 48 (cp. Expositor pp. 63 sq). See also Cpd. 227 sq., & especially Dhs trsl. 291 sq. -- The 4
!savas are k!m˚, bhav˚, di&&h˚, avijj˚, i. e. sensuality, rebirth (lust of life), speculation and ignorance. --
They are mentioned as such at D ii.81, 84, 91, 94, 98, 123, 126; A i.165 sq., 196; ii.211; iii.93, 414; iv.79;
Ps i.94, 117; Dhs 1099, 1448; Nd2 134; Nett 31, 114 sq. -- The set of 3, which is probably older (k!ma˚,
bhava˚, avijj!˚) occurs at M i. 55; A i.165; iii.414; S iv.256; v.56, 189; It 49; Vbh 364. For other
connections see Vin i.14 (anup!d!ya !savehi cittani vimucci'su), 17, 20, 182; ii.202; iii.5 (˚samudaya,
˚nirodha etc.); D i.83, 167; iii.78, 108, 130, 220, 223, 230, 240, 283; M i.7 sq., 23, 35, 76, 219, 279, 445