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100 compliance
for understanding and analysis', conference
proceedings of AIEST-Conference in Argentina,
Bern: AIEST.
KLAUS WEIERMAIR, AUSTRIA
complaint see cognitive dissonance; loyalty
compliance
Compliance with statutory standards is achieved
primarily by inspection, backed by the sanction of
criminal prosecution for breaches. For instance,
officers of environmental protection authorities
review whether conditions attached to environmental
authorisations have been complied with. To
address the problem of insufficient skills and
resources, there has been a move in public
environmental law towards co-operative efforts to
set and meet compliance standards. Development
and operation of nature-based tourism is
thus affected through this procedure.
DUNCAN HARTSHORNE, AUSTRALIA
computer-assisted education see education,
computer-assisted
computer reservation system
Most tourism firms process their reservations
through a computerised database called Computer
Reservation System �CRS), which handles details
of inventory, schedules and prices among other
details. CRSs run on mainframes, minicomputers
or microcomputers and are usually connected
through data communication links to terminals
within various branches of the company. CRSs are
not to be confused with global distribution
systems, but are often electronically connected to
them for bookings.
See also: automation; hospitality information
system; information technology
PAULINE J. SHELDON, USA
computer technology see information
technology
concentration ratio
The concentration ratio is a simplistic measure of
the potential social impact of tourists in a
community. It is the ratio between the number of
tourists, usually measured as mean visitation per
day, and the community's population. The ratio
also provides a crude measure of the relative
importance of tourism to a local economy;
however, it does not adequately represent the
absolute importance of the industry. For example,
the concentration ratio for a city such as London
will be relatively small �because of its large
population) although the absolute size of the
industry in those communities will be substantial.
A related concept is the so-called `tourist function',
the ratio between the overnight accommodation
capacity of a destination �usually measured in
terms of beds) and population.
concession
STEPHEN SMITH, CANADA
A concession is an agreement for a food service
operator to have the right, sometimes exclusively,
to supply food and drink on another party's
premises. The concession frequently takes the form
of a seasonal or annual lease of space and/or
facilities. Concessions are used in sports stadia,
airports and theme parks.
concierge
PETER JONES, UK
A concierge is a hotel employee who offers the
ultimate in personalised service to the guest. The
concierge can make arrangements for theatre
tickets, tours or any other specialised service. Their
professional organisation is called Les Clefs d'Or,
and it takes a minimum of five years work in a hotel