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yield management
The concept of maximising the revenue by raising
or lowering prices in respect to demand is known
as yield management. The necessary conditions for
a successful application of yield management
include a fairly fixed capacity, high fixed costs,
low variable costs, fluctuations in demand and
similarity of inventory capacity. Yield management
was popularised with the deregulation of the
US airline industry and it is extensively used by this
and other tourism sectors.
yield percentage
ANTONI SERRA, SPAIN
To demonstrate the variable effect of both average
price rates �see pricing) and occupancy rates,
tourism managers develop a comparison focusing
upon the yield rates during a given period of time.
Managers can increase the yield rate �see yield
management) by raising rates when demand is
high.
youth pilgrimage
DAVID G.T. SHORT, NEW ZEALAND
Youth pilgrimage is common in all religions,
particularly Christianity. The Children's Crusade
in 1212 was the first such event. Every two years,
pilgrims assemble in Taise, an ecumenical pilgrimage
centre, to take part in the World Youth Days
Y
celebration together with Pope John Paul II; this
event was established by the Pope in 1984±5.
There are also European Youth Meetings. Some
centres �such as Jasna Gora) specialise in high
school graduation and first communion pilgrimages.
youth tourism
ANTONI JACKOWSKI, POLAND
There is nothing regular about youth. Different
cultures have defined it, if at all, in many different
ways in terms of age, socioeconomic status and
personal rights. For most, youth is a life cycle
stage that precedes full incorporation into the adult
world. Modern industrial societies tend to locate it
between the beginning of puberty and completion
of high school and or college, that is, the time span
between 13 and 23±25 years of age, that precedes
full legal capacity and entry into the workforce.
Usually a distinction is made between early youth
or pre-juvenile status �13±17 years) and true youth
�18±23 years).
Of relevance to the study of tourism is whether
there is anything specific about the touristic
behaviour of this group in modern industrial
countries. There is not much general theoretical or
research activity on this field to answer this
question. Data are few and far between. Educated
guesses and opinions usually surround some hard
facts. These extend to three main domains: socioeconomic
significance, differences with mainstream
tourism in terms of cultural exchanges with the