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closure. As entries went through this process, the
revised submissions were forwarded to the publisher,
in alphabetic blocks. With the transfer of the
last block of entries, the work of the Chief Editor ±
some four years later ± seemed to be over.
It was at this time that the actual production
work by the publisher began, with their copy-editor
also reviewing every entry ± to catch missed
inconsistencies, to further edit each submission
for grammar and flow, to delete entry-less headwords,
to send page proofs to the respective
authors, to incorporate allowable changes into
their entries and, inter alia, to finally polish all to a
publishable, well-integrated whole. The publisher
also produced the author and subjects indices, as
well as introduced other measures to enhance this
reference book's quality and usefulness. The
editorial team was not involved during this phase,
but the chief editor and publisher continuously
worked together, their geographical separation
bridged with e-mails. The full story ± of some
edited entries lost in the cyberspace between
Wisconsin and London, of some original mildlyedited
versions popping up as actual page proofs, of
some chasing and locating of authors who had
moved in the meantime, etc. ± would make this
introduction unnecessarily long.
The structure and contents
This volume contains over 1200 alphabetically
arranged, signed entries. In the body of each entry,
direct cross-references, noted in bold type, indicate
that an entry under this headword appears
elsewhere in the encyclopedia. Moreover, the `see
also' list at the end of some entries directs the
reader to additional related headwords. The
Subject Index suggests a vast range of terms under
their own headwords or discussed within other
entries. In this way, the index becomes a major key
in more fully utilising the encyclopedia.
The number of words allocated to each headword
determined its scope. Thus, shorter entries
use every word to quickly cover the subject, while
longer ones obviously have more room to manoeuvre.
Many entries come with references.
Authors themselves decided to devote the allotted
words entirely to discussing the subject itself, or to
pose limits in order to make room for appending
Introduction xxi
useful `further references' �with or without annotation,
representing important/relevant publications
on the theme). Entries exceeding their word
allocations were often shortened during the editing
process �with some small length deviations allowed).
When this volume is used to quickly look up a
term, one may tend to place `tourism' in front of
the headword. But this, as well as `tourist', `travel'
and `traveller', are used only when absolutely
necessary. For instance, if one wants to read about
`tourism carrying capacity', the first word is
understood and thus omitted in the headword. As
a matter of fact, since the whole collection is
devoted to the subject of tourism, the constant use
of the term in both headwords and in discussion
seemed redundant. The decision in favour of
reducing such occurrences was made at the outset,
sometimes to the dismay of a few authors.
Similarly, inclusion of `tourism' as a headword by
itself was not even in the plan, because the whole
publication is attempting to discuss what tourism is,
what it covers, and how it is studied. But, at last, a
short yet holistic frame found its way in. Another
editorial decision, to enhance uniformity, was to
have almost all headword titles appear in their
singular forms. Only a few, for the sake of clarity or
necessity, appear in the plural.
An examination of the headword list �pages xv±
xxxv), or the volume as a whole, would reveal that,
despite all efforts, still a few `obvious' entries are
not included in a publication calling itself an
encyclopedia. Some missing ones had actually been
assigned, but not submitted, despite promises.
When deadlines could be extended, they were reassigned.
To move on, it was decided not to further
jeopardise the whole production process by
attempting to properly cross-reference late submissions
or to wait for unforthcoming entries. It was
hoped that `dummy' headwords and/or the
Subject Index would lead the reader to entries
which partly compensate for this limitation. While
exclusion of some headwords in the volume and
keywords in the index is unfortunate, one category
of entries was intentionally left out. In contrast to
most other encyclopaedias, here it was decided to
do without biographies of the leading scholars in
this field. It was reasoned that it would be
extremely difficult to decide whom to include and