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1988). Graburn �1983) differentiated two types of
contemporary tourism, as the annual vacation or
holiday break and the rites of passage tourism
associated with major changes in status such as
adulthood or career changes. Environmental
concerns generated numerous new tourist types
related to `appropriate' or alternative tourism,
such as ecotourists or green tourists �Smith and
Eadington 1992). Postmodernism has dominated
the 1990s with renewed interest in levels of reality
�Urry 1990), concerns with levels of carrying
capacity and sustainability, and types of tourist
lifestyle and behaviour experiences �Mazanec et
al. 1998). Typologies also serve the industry,
describing market niches as the basis for promotion
and advertising according to the trip
purpose, group character, transportation activities
and interests
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VALENE L. SMITH, USA