Untitled

network of classifications that normally locate
states and positions in cultural space.
All three concepts relate to tourism. First, it can
be argued that the study of that which is deviant is
a mirror image of the dominant in that it reveals
more clearly concepts, values and norms that are
often taken for granted and thus not verbalised.
The challenge of the deviant forces an articulation
of the hitherto unanalysed. Hence the behaviour of
tourists represents an alternative to normal lifestyles.
While on holiday, the clock time of the
organised schedule gives way to the time of the
whim; adults can escape into play in ways often
denied to them. Tourists also seek out some types of
marginal people. In this way, in the linkages with
native peoples, male and female prostitutes, tourism
involves a search for the `alternative'. Tourist
behaviours are thus critical examinations of
dominant societal processes.
See also: alienation; crime; culture, tourism;
eroticism; hedonism
Further reading
Rojek, C. �1993) Ways of Escape:Modern Transformations
in Leisure and Travel, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
�Describes the history of modern tourism as
emerging from processes of social control and
legitimate carnival.)
Ryan, C. and Kinder, R. �1996) `The deviant
tourist and the crimogenic place ± the case of the
tourist and the New Zealand prostitute', in A.
Pizam and Y. Mansfeld �eds), Tourism, Crime and
International Security Issues, Chichester: Wiley, 23±
36. �Discusses definition of deviant tourist in
context of sex tourism.)
ÐÐ �1996) `Sex, tourism, and sex tourism:
fulfilling similar needs?', Tourism Management
17�7): 507±18. �Questions whether deviancy is
an appropriate label to be used in sex tourism.)
diagonal integration
CHRIS RYAN, NEW ZEALAND
Diagonal integration is a process whereby firms use
information technologies to logically combine
services for best productivity and greatest profit-
ability �Poon 1993). It links such services as
financial services, insurance and travel in a way
that important synergies are obtained from this
integration. Since the tourism industry is increasingly
driven by information and consumers, firms
can diagonally integrate to control the more
lucrative areas of value creation by producing a
range of services to be consumed simultaneously
at regular intervals �such as travel plus insurance
plus holiday plus personal banking).
References
Poon, A. �1993) Tourism, Technology and Competitive
Strategies, Wallingford: CAB International.
diet
FRANCESC J. BATLE LARENTE, SPAIN
Diet is a generic term encompassing the range and
variety of food which an individual consumes over
a period of time, determined by a number of
factors. A `healthy' diet will include a wide variety
of commodities in order to provide all essential
nutrients to both protect against illness and to
promote growth and repair of the body. There are
now many small and large resorts which offer
special diet and exercise programmes in order to
capitalise on this new lifestyle tourism market.
differentiation
differentiation 151
KATHRYN WEBSTER, UK
Differentiation occurs under modernity when
activities performed within some functional realm
split up as industrial society becomes increasingly
specialised and heterogeneous. In tourism, differentiation
tends not so much to be a theory of social
change, but an indicator of the distinctiveness of
individuals/groups from others. Under the dedifferentiated
tourism of postmodernism, such
hierarchical rankings �of wealth/status) often dissolve.
KEITH HOLLINSHEAD, UK