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y establishing successful hotel/restaurant management
training programmes. To counter the
concerns that tourism can adversely impact the
economy, the government also has launched major
environmental protection plans for improving
beach and water quality. Tunisia's overall commitment
to developing the tourism industry will likely
pay large dividends into the twenty-first century.
Turismo em Analise
ROBERT A. POIRER, USA
Turismo em Analise is a Latin American journal
published in Portuguese. It favours original multidisciplinary
studies which analyse development
trends of interest to the academic community and
tourism professionals. Its goal is to provide a
communication channel between the university
and public or private organisations and markets.
Turismo em Analise accepts manuscripts written in
Portuguese and Spanish, others submissions are
translated into Portuguese. First appearing in 1990,
it is published twice yearly by Escola de ComunicacËoes
e Artes da Universidade de SaÄo Paulo �ISSN
0103±5541).
Turizam
RENE BARETJE, FRANCE
Turizam is regarded as a forum for practitioners and
academicians committed to tourism. As one of the
oldest journals in the field, its original intent was to
inform the tourism industry. Treating tourism as an
academic field of investigation today broadens its
scope. It publishes full-length articles as well as
research notes and reviews. Contents of Turizam, a
refereed journal �double blind), appear in Croatian
and English. First appearing in 1953, it is published
quarterly by the Croatian National Tourism Board
�ISSN 0494±2639).
RENE BARETJE, FRANCE
Turkey
Turkey 607
Turkey forms a bridge between Asia and Europe
and has been impacted by the cultures of these two
continents. In addition to many historical and
cultural assets left by earlier civilisations, Turkey
features natural touristic resources including
beaches, high mountains, rivers and lakes, forests
and caves, and fauna and flora. It has a variety of
climates ranging from subtropical in the south to
very rainy along the Black Sea coastline and a
multitude of variation in between.
Turkey is relatively a newcomer to international
tourism, although the importance of the
industry as a source of much needed foreign
exchange has always been recognised. The First
Five-Year Plan of 1963±7 set the objectives of
tourism planning and stressed the importance of
investments in its infrastructure and facilities.
The subsequent plans gave increasing attention to
tourism development. Two pieces of legislation,
the Foreign Investments Encouragement Law and
the Tourism Encouragement Law, provided a
multitude of incentives for investors, including
easier credit terms, reduced taxes and land
allocation on long term leases. These incentives
and increased awareness of tourism as a development
tool finally paid off. Decreasing government
dominance in economic life and increasing private
sector involvement began to show results, and in
1990 the number of foreign arrivals reached 5.4
million, or almost twice the volume registered in
1987. Tourism revenues also increased from $1.7
billion in 1987 to $3.3 billion in 1990. The Gulf
War was a tremendous blow to flourishing Turkish
tourism in 1991, but the impact was temporary due
to the shortness of the war. By 1997 the number of
tourists was over 9.7 million and the revenues close
to $10 billion. It is expected that these figures will
double in the early years of the twenty-first century.
Currently, tourism receipts approach 40 per cent of
the total export earnings of the country. The main
issues that need to be addressed relate to environmental
protection, fair distribution of the benefits
derived from tourism, seasonality, and fragmented
responsibilities for tourism policy determination,
implementation and control.