An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

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ashamed,’ etc.), 18 but in general hollow verbs do not readily conform to the patterns discussed here. f Pattern # 4: qātal/yiqtal. The fourth pattern is composite in origin and its sources need to be analyzed further. The pattern seems to be mixed, with the suffix conjugation of # 1 (qātal) and the prefix conjugation of ## 2–3 (yiqtal). g (i) Fientive II- and III-gutturals. Almost all II- and III-gutturals belong to this pattern; some of them, at least to judge from their meaning as well as from the suffixconjugation forms, are in fact fientive verbs (e.g., ע ַלבּ ָ ~ ע ַלבִ ְ י ‘to swallow,’ and חתַ ָפּ ~ חתַּ ְפִי ‘to open’). h (ii) Stative II- and III-gutturals. In other verbs with II- and III-gutturals exhibiting pattern # 4 one can detect in suffix-conjugation pausal forms or the forms with suffixed pronouns (especially vocalic) an original (or alternative) stative form (qātēl). The dominance of the fientive pattern, qātal, may be due to three factors: (l) the guttural, (2) the analogical penetration of the fientive pattern, and (3) a partially fientive meaning. 1. חלצ (החָ ל֑ ֵ֫ ָצ) ~ ח ַל ְצִי to prosper 2. 3. ָשׂ 4. 5. ַ ֑ ֵ֫ ָ ַ ֑ ֵ ַ ֫ ֵ ַ ִ ֑֫ ָ ַ ֑ ֵ עב ָשׂ (וּעב ָשׂ) ~ עבּ ְשִׂי to be sated ח ַמ ( חמ ָשׂ) ~ ח ַמ ְשִׂי to be glad לא ָשׁ (וּנוּלא ְשׁ) ~ לא ְשׁי to ask ח ַכ ָשׁ (ינח ֵכ ְשׁ) ~ ח ַכּ ְשִׁי to forget ע ַמ ָשׁ ( עמ ָשׁ) ~ ע ַמ ְשִׁי to hear 6. i (iii) Other fientive weak verbs. Pattern # 4 is common for fientive I-yod verbs. 7. קני ~ ק֑ ניִי ָ to suck ֑ ָ ַ ַ 8. ץ ַעָי ~ ץעיי to advise 9. ץקי ~ ץק ִי שׁרָי ~ שׁ to awake 10. ריִי to inherit j (iv) Other stative weak verbs. A variety of weak verb classes use this pattern for statives: geminate ללק ~ לקַ תּ ֵ ‘to be light,’ תח ַ ~ תחֵי ַ ‘to be shattered,’ ער ַ ~ ערֵי ַ ‘to be evil,’ I-guttural קזַ ח ָ ~ קזָ חֶי ֱ ‘to be strong,’ and perhaps some hollow verbs. k (v) Stative regular verbs. Aside from these weak verbs, pattern # 4 is used with regular verbs. Many of these betray an earlier stative form in the suffix conjugation by their pausal forms and forms with verbal suffixes, or by a parallel adjectival form of the type qātēl with the same root. With these verbs it appears as though the dominant fientive pattern is penetrating into the stative patterns, for if pattern # 3 is almost dead, pattern # 2 is dying. Verbs exhibiting an earlier stative suffix form in their pausal (and similar) forms include: 18 GB 2.75 (§14b).
11. 12. [Page 370] 13. ָ ֑ ֵ֫ ָ ְ ֑ ֵ֫ ַ ָ ֵ ָ ַ ְ ם ַשׁ א (וּמשׁא) ~ ם ַשׁ אֶי to be guilty ר ַב ָגּ (וּרב ָגּ) ~ רבּ ְגִי to be strong קבדּ (ק֑ בדּ) ~ קבּ דִי to cling ָ ָ ְ ַ ָ ֑֫ ֵ ָ ַ ַ ָ ִ ֫ ֵ ְ ַ ְ 14. שׁ ַבל (שׁ ֵבל) ~ שׁ ַבּלִי to put on 15. שׁדק (וּשׁדק) ~ שׁדּ ְקִי to be holy A verb exhibiting an earlier stative form by its shape with verbal suffixes is לדגּ (ינ ַלדגּ) ~ לדּגִי ‘to be(come) great.’ Verbs exhibiting an earlier stative form by a ֵ ָ ַ ָ ַ ֱ ֶ ֵ ָ ַ ָ ַ ֱ ָ ָ ִ ַ ָ ַ ְ ָ ֑ ָ ְ ָ ְ parallel qātēl form include: 16. לבא לבא ~ לבאתּ mourning, to mourn 17. דרח דרח ~ דרחֶי trembling, to tremble 18. ר ֵצק ר ַצק ~ ר ַצ ְק תּ short, to be short l (vi) Other regular verbs. A few strong verbs with this pattern give no indication of an earlier stative form. In some instances, therefore, pattern # 4 may represent an original but rare pattern for fientive verbs. In other instances one may suspect that an original stative form was lost. 19. דמל ~ דמלִי to learn 20. ץ ַבר ~ ץבּרִי to lie stretched out, to lie down 21. ב ַכר ~ ב ַכּרִי to ride 22. ב ַכ ָשׁ ~ ב ַכּ ְשִׁי to lie down m Pattern # 5: qātal/yēqtēl. The fifth pattern is found with I-yod verbs and nātan. Verbs with this pattern should be regarded as fientive; their form is to be contrasted with that of I-yod verbs that follow pattern # 4. ַ ֵ 23. ד ַלָי ~ ד ֶלֵי to bear ד ד 24. רָי ~ רֵי to descend ַ ֵ 25. ב ַשָׁי ~ ב ֵשֵׁי to dwell 26. ןת ָנ ~ ןתִּי to give 19 n Pattern # 6: qātēl/yiqtōl. The pattern, like # 4, seems to be mixed, with the suffix conjugation of # 2 (qātēl) and the prefix conjugation of # 1 (yiqtōl). This mixture can be accounted for in one of two ways: either the dominant fientive pattern is penetrating into this pattern (cf. pattern # 4v) or phonological conditioning is at work. The latter explanation is based on the observation that of the sixty verb forms vocalized in this pattern, thirty-six of them have b, p, m, h, g, k, q, as the second or 19 Phoenician and Ugaritic use the root ytn for Hebrew ntn; UT §9.48 n. 2. This may reflect a secondary formation based on the prefix form.
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An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew
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AV Authorized Version (1611) LXX Se
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first quarter of the nineteenth cen
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use it. In any format, intermediate
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have continued to make small adjust
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from all stages, from the oldest po
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the Hebrew Bible is written in Aram
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Late Third Millennium (2350-2000).
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especially problematic body of mate
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do the Tosefta and halakhic (legal)
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c Judgments regarding these literar
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the text type represented by the Sa
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established on the basis of Ugariti
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history and of captors in their lat
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B.C.E.), they began to indicate fin
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tetragrammaton (YHWH), occasionally
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the text. By at least 100 C.E. the
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1.6 Masoretic Text 1.6.1 Character
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ומש הוהי would originally ha
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f During the more fluid stages of t
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In his later psalter, “Juxta Hebr
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groups of words joined by conjuncti
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service as dean or gaon of the Jewi
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e The Masoretes, whose work had cul
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three radicals of the root by Pe (f
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The labors of adaptation culminated
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a Linguistic literature on Hebrew f
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d In spite of various contacts betw
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Arabic (like other languages) was a
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(1897) 49 and in the grammar of Han
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describe and refer to the real worl
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One way to view the grammar/lexis o
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3. I ate ice cream with my spoon. I
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should primary attention be given t
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vowels (syncope). The fullest form
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3.3.4 Discourse and Text a Most lin
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that embody textual relations, anal
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given language, where the base is n
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users. 31 Historical variation is t
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would cost the speaker’s life. 36
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two levels of language has been res
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4.6 Modifiers 6.1 Adjectival Modifi
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classification refers to[Page 65] t
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2. interjection 3. adverb 4 the spe
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4.3 Phrase and Clause a A phrase is
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5. 6. 7. [Page 70] 8. (5) Infinitiv
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1. 2. 3. 4. הּ ָמ ְשׁ ארָ
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6. [Page 73] 7. םתֶּ אַ םי
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8. 9. 10. 2 Sam 7:6 (8) Relative Cl
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The nominative absolute constructio
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4.8 Sentence Mic 1:2 a The sentence
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1. םִי ר֫ ַ ְצ ִמ וּד
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priority over such abstractions. On
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proposed an elaborate schema to cla
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f This summary of one effort to des
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12. 13. ַ 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
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“sharpens” the root in a semant
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In most of these examples the vowel
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30. 5.7 Patterns with Suffixing ב
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example, liškâ and niškâ, ‘ro
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The -â ending (the he is a mater l
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peoples individualized objects, sor
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languages; among those that do not
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classes of nouns reflected in the b
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In time -at came to have the ultima
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Another masculine head noun is תי
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d Single components of a collective
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The doublet ה ָנ ֵע ְשׁ ַ
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ךָתֶּ ֫ ִבוּ־ךָנְ ִב
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ִ ֶ֫ ְ ַ 110] 4. 5. ה ָמּ
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in a way somewhat different from th
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With collectives the singular desig
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9. 10. שׁיא ִ לֹכּ ם ֶכי
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11. 12. ׃בלֵ ו ָ בל־אֹ
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d For complex historical reasons, a
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The plural of a singular collective
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18:51, 28:8, 42:6, 44:5; sing. freq
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used of various gods, it takes plur
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28:28). It also occurs in passages
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singular plural dual nominative -u
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e genitive and the -ô either accus
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הוהי־ר ַבד ְ הָיהָ
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8.4.1 Clauses of Identification a I
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gen 42:11 ׃אוּה
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Num 13:29 This rule does not apply
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‘YHWH our God is one YHWH’) 23
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for example, a noun (the modified)
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ְ ֶ ָ ִ֫ ִ ְ ֶ ְ ְ ְ b M
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coordinate elements in the compound
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genitive of agent (or a subjective
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2 Chr 24:6 [Page 144] d An agent or
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25. 26. 27. 28. 29. ויבִ א־ת
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9. 10. ךָתְּ רְ אַ ְפתּ
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9.5.3 Adjectival Genitive a In adje
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16. ה ָנ ָשׁ־ן ֶבּ ר ָכ
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34. [Page 152] 35. 36. םחֶ ֶל
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i In other genitives of class, the
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A prepositional phrase most often s
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9.7 Determination and Periphrasis a
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A comparable eonstruetion involves
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5. 6. 7. תוֹא ָב ְצ ( ם־י
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within the clause. 2 In this exampl
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5. She gave him the books. 6. She g
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19. 20. 21. 22. יתּ֑ ִ לְ וּ
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g An internal accusative is an expr
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i The so-called “datival accusati
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5. 6. 7. ת ֶב ֶכֹשׁ ֫ ה ָ
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substantive, adjective, or particip
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41. Ps 71:7 The accusative of speci
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[Page 175] 15. Deut 27:6 The accusa
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34. םתוֹא ָ ליחִ ְנַי
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called nota accusativi.” 30 A. M.
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ַ ִ ֱ ַ ַ ֫ ַ a The emphatic
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ָ ִ ְ ֶ b The particle תא is
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3. 4. 5. 6. ן ִמָ ינְ ִבּ
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20. וּכלְ ה־אֹ ֽ ָ ל י
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a Before the decipherment of the Ug
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2.13 לע 2.14 םע 2.15 תחתּ 11
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2. CVC, the proclitic prepositions
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complex prepositions (11.3), some s
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11.2.1 ירֵ חֲ א ַ ~רחַ א
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6. וֹא תוֹא ךָי ֶל֫ א
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[Page 196] 11.2.5 ְבּ a This prep
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19. תִיבַּ֫ ה ַ עקַ רְ
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35. 36. ךָתְּ ְב ִשׁ ְבּ
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[Page 201] 11. ימִּ ַע ןיבּ
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a This preposition is the only extr
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12. תָ ֹתּ֫ חִ ה ַ וֹ ֑
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6. ת ֵע ְל ה ָנֹוּיּהַ
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26. Gen 12:18 הוהי ַל אוּה
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42. 43. 44. 45. קוֹת ָמ ל ְ
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[Page 211] 59. 60. 61. ךָוֹ ֑מ
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from a specified beginning point (#
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20. תירִ ְכ ַנ אוֹלוְ
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d A goal of an abstract sort may be
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d The preposition can mark an objec
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׃עַ ֻשׁוֹהְי 5. ינֹד
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and specify the nature of its relat
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It is not rare, however, for the pr
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exclude such a union, the prepositi
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more precisely. Phrases which in En
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elate clauses by juxtaposition, the
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8. 9. ה ָנ ָמ לְ א ַ ה ָ
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28. 29. 27. קחָ ְצִי ְל י
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ןֹטקָּ הַ Gen 1:16 [Page 235
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while in # 9 the definite (or arthr
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ר ָפ ָעה ֶ the dust 15. In s
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ידַּ ַשׁ לאֵ Ruling (?) God
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a The common noun with the article
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16. 17. [Page 244] 18. טי ִל ָ
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36. 37. 35. ׃בהָ ָ ֶ זּ ַב
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10. 11. ר ַענּ ֑ ָ֫ה ַ ה
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ַ ַ ַ ְ ַ ָ ַ ֶ ֫ ָ ֶ֫
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דמָ ָע חַ רָי ְ ו ְ Mo
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a Nouns can be modified in a variet
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c An adjective often agrees with it
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Chap. 15). Another influence may be
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2. 3. ךָיט֫ ֶ ָפּ ְשׁ מ
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20. ה֑ עָ ר ָ ץרֶ א֫ ָ
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4. םי ִלֹד גּ ְ םִיוֹ
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25. 26. רב֑ ָ דּ ָ הוהימ
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Ezek 9:9 Various divine names can b
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33. 34. רי ִעה ָ י ֵלֹד
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15.6 Distributive Expressions 15.1
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םִינ ַ֫ ְשׁ ִל Ezra 10:13
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[Page 276] i As a substantive the n
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4. 5. וינָ ָבּ ת ַע ְב
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the latter otherwise unused. 15 (3)
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11. םי ִע ְב ִשׁ ו ְ םי
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18. תוֹא ֵמ־עבַ ְשׁוּ
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8. שׁדֶ ֹח ֫ ר ָשׂ ָע ם
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a The multiplicative expressions ar
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The other pattern, used for fractio
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The traditional segregation of pron
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elements also found in demonstrativ
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+ pronoun, although the former is m
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17. [Page 296] 18. ׃םרָ ְבא
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c This construction has a “select
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18. 17. . תוֹכלָ ְמּ ה ָ
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3. התָּ א ַ ה ֵנּה ִ וי
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one point is especially important.
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15. הֹמלֹ ְשׁ ִלּ ֶשׁ
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17.1 Introduction 17.2 Morphology 1
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Other adverbs of demonstrative forc
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an attributive adjective (i.e., wit
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10. 9. ת ֶשׁלֹ ְשׁ ִל הו
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9. ה֑ לֶ ֲענ ַ ךְרֶ דּ
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10. אוּהה ַ םוֹיּבּ ַ ם
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d There are four major parts of the
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2. 3. 5. הזֶ ָלּה ַ שׁיא
Page 381 and 382: 21. אוֹלה ֲ בֹק ֲעַי ע
Page 383 and 384: preposition…[The pattern] poses a
Page 385 and 386: 15. 16. Judg 11:12 םוֹל ָשׁ ְ
Page 387 and 388: 37. אוּה ר ָב ְכּ הָיה
Page 389 and 390: The core term of the network, יא,
Page 391 and 392: 23. ה ָנוֹז ְל התְי ָ
Page 393 and 394: introduced by the “relative” ma
Page 395 and 396: Like š, z is a frequent element in
Page 397 and 398: 13. הָיה־ר ָ֫ ֶשׁ א ֲ
Page 399 and 400: 9. ךְ֑ ל־ם ָ ֶלּ ַשְׁי
Page 401 and 402: 14. [Page 338] 13. םוֹ ֑ל ָשׁ
Page 403 and 404: An “independent relative” claus
Page 405 and 406: הוּ ֫כַּ יּו, ַ which would
Page 407 and 408: might seem to be. 7 This survey is
Page 409 and 410: love’) or in past time (‘I love
Page 411 and 412: state; such a construction is calle
Page 413 and 414: different in Latin-influenced gramm
Page 415 and 416: the fact that the verbal stems cons
Page 417 and 418: picture John as he cooked the cabba
Page 419 and 420: only a participator in it. English,
Page 421 and 422: verb would be the object in an equi
Page 423 and 424: lengthening of the a before a non-g
Page 425 and 426: 22.1 Introduction a The most common
Page 427 and 428: e English offers a second convenien
Page 429 and 430: ד֑ וִדּ־ת ָ א ֶ בהֹא
Page 431: The fientive (a/u) pattern is the m
Page 435 and 436: 3. 2. יחי ֑ ִ ִשׂ וי ָל
Page 437 and 438: 50. 51. ץֹפּחַי ְ רפח ~
Page 439 and 440: ךְתָּ אִ ֵמ 2 Kgs 2:10 Some
Page 441 and 442: 22.7 Qal Impersonal Constructions a
Page 443 and 444: protective h, for example, imperati
Page 445 and 446: i The Niphal normally functions as
Page 447 and 448: marked with the same case inflectio
Page 449 and 450: e Passive constructions in Hebrew m
Page 451 and 452: auxiliary[Page 386] verb in the uni
Page 453 and 454: ם ִמי ִענּ ְ הַ ו ְ ם
Page 455 and 456: In a transitive sentence the recipr
Page 457 and 458: 23.5 Isolated and Denominative Niph
Page 459 and 460: old Qal passive would have a šureq
Page 461 and 462: a Since the Hithpael historically t
Page 463 and 464: such an approach is awkward, and ea
Page 465 and 466: meaning is labeled “factitive,”
Page 467 and 468: I. Qal-Piel-Hiphil attested (ca. 45
Page 469 and 470: 5. ןהֶ ֵלא ֲ אוֹבתּ ָ
Page 471 and 472: h Given that the factitive is assoc
Page 473 and 474: 1b. ק ֵלּחַ ֵמ וּלּ ַכְ
Page 475 and 476: waters). Ps 30:2 Regarding the use
Page 477 and 478: 24.4 Denominative a Since the Piel
Page 479 and 480: ַ ָ ָ ֲ ֵ ַ ַ ְ ַ ְ ְ ָ
Page 481 and 482: 24. Deut 7:26 h In the numeral deno
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׃וֹל י ֵכוֹח־ל ָכּ Isa
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is not concerned with an act but an
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If the implicit action is indirect
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8. 9. ךְרֹבְ ַ י ךָתְ
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of the t (ת →ט; ## 18-19). If t
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Piel stem. 8 The presence of passiv
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implies that he disallows Goetze’
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Jer 5:9 3. א ֵשּׂ נַ תְ ִמ
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2. גח־שׁ ֑ ָ דֶּ קַ תְ
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1b. 2a. 2b. Ps 111:2 הוהי ֑ ך
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[Page 436] f The fundamental causat
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11c. עַ ֻשׁוֹהְי־תא ֶ
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18b. ַ 18c. עי ִשׁ רְ ַמ
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with a subject and two accusatives,
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generation (e.g., רֹכבּ ְ ‘f
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15. 14. תוֹרהָ ְנ וּחינ
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[Page 448] 1d. הֹערְ ַפּ־ת
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[Page 450] 4b. 4c. 5a. ץרֶ א֑
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2c. הדֶ ָשּׂ ה ַ תַ יּחַ
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5. imperative דֹמ ֲע י ִל
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ise of modern linguistic thinking,
Page 525 and 526:
conversive.’ The ordinary waw, th
Page 527 and 528:
concrete nouns, represented the pas
Page 529 and 530:
particles occurring with the “aff
Page 531 and 532:
j Moreover, Ewald is guilty of redu
Page 533 and 534:
o Turner presents us once again wit
Page 535 and 536:
constructed imperfect indicative of
Page 537 and 538:
jussive. It may be argued from the
Page 539 and 540:
approach as the grammars must of ne
Page 541 and 542:
meaningful only in relation to anot
Page 543 and 544:
considered in the immediate relatio
Page 545 and 546:
d The second verb in the example ab
Page 547 and 548:
a The Hebrew conjugations qtl and y
Page 549 and 550:
perfective aspect. The variations c
Page 551 and 552:
a Stative verbs differ from fientiv
Page 553 and 554:
listeners to infer the more precise
Page 555 and 556:
5. ל ַכ ָשׂ םתא ָ ֵצ י
Page 557 and 558:
24. 25. 27. הוהי־לא ֶ יד
Page 559 and 560:
37. התָּ ַע אֹ לו ְ וּ
Page 561 and 562:
4. ׃וֹמּ ִע ֵמ ןקֵ ז ָ
Page 563 and 564:
494] 1. הז ֶ וּנ ְב ַשׁ ֫
Page 565 and 566:
6.3 Past Time with Particles 31.7 N
Page 567 and 568:
Judg 2:1 (5) After the adverbials
Page 569 and 570:
the[Page 500] object of our study
Page 571 and 572:
h On balance the comparative-histor
Page 573 and 574:
participle, this use lends itself t
Page 575 and 576:
Ps 61:3 This use forms a fitting co
Page 577 and 578:
2. א ֵצ ָמִּי אֹ ל שׁר
Page 579 and 580:
Exod 21:36 31.5 Volitional Uses of
Page 581 and 582:
the indicative mood, the mood of ce
Page 583 and 584:
c The consequent situation may in f
Page 585 and 586:
31.7 Nun-Bearing Forms a Some non-p
Page 587 and 588:
ָ ְ ִ ֵ ִ ָ ֱ ַ ִ ֫ ַ ְ
Page 589 and 590:
unassimilated (## 1a, 2a, 3a) or as
Page 591 and 592:
2a. 2b. ם ֶכתְ א ֶ יתִּ
Page 593 and 594:
(a) with a stative verb (after an i
Page 595 and 596:
Whatever…be the shade of meaning
Page 597 and 598:
as with the English ‘then.’ Fur
Page 599 and 600:
9. איהִ ה ַ ראֵ ְבּה־
Page 601 and 602:
Gen 3:22 e Sometimes the non-perfec
Page 603 and 604:
present time). The consequent meani
Page 605 and 606:
םלָּ ֻכּ םיחי ִ רִ ָב
Page 607 and 608:
24. לאוּמ ֵ ְשׁ טֹפּ ְ
Page 609 and 610:
asserts an actual concrete event, w
Page 611 and 612:
ם ֶכבּ ָ הוהי־ףאַ 17.
Page 613 and 614:
Vanoni has studied the two most com
Page 615 and 616:
ִ֫ ָ ַ ָ ִ ְ ֲ ָ ֵ ִ ֶ
Page 617 and 618:
is normally prefixed to the short p
Page 619 and 620:
origin of the wa in the Akkadian co
Page 621 and 622:
number of cases to justify, explain
Page 623 and 624:
translated as presents. The same is
Page 625 and 626:
33.2.2 Epexegesis a Sometimes the s
Page 627 and 628:
epresent the pluperfect. David Qimh
Page 629 and 630:
12. םירִ ָבדּ ְ ה ַ יר
Page 631 and 632:
12. 13. [Page 556] 14. וּשׁ ָ֫
Page 633 and 634:
Ps 109:28 e Wayyqtl is also used af
Page 635 and 636:
ינִּ ֶמּ ֫ ִמ 7. . . . וּ
Page 637 and 638:
7. ז֑ ע־אֹ ָ ל ם ַע םי
Page 639 and 640:
16. יקּ֑ ָח ֻ ר ֵפּסַ ל
Page 641 and 642:
other languages. Through the voliti
Page 643 and 644:
[Page 567] b In earlier stages of N
Page 645 and 646:
The sense of a jussive in simple di
Page 647 and 648:
language of bare fact, a poet often
Page 649 and 650:
9. שֹׁבּ־ד ַע וֹב־וּר
Page 651 and 652:
34.5.1 Cohortative in Independent C
Page 653 and 654:
a In sentences made up of more than
Page 655 and 656:
lacking in post-exilic texts synopt
Page 657 and 658:
7. . . . ךָ ְצרְ אַ ֵמ ך
Page 659 and 660:
Gen 12:13 [Page 580] 35 Infinitive
Page 661 and 662:
The pattern of the Qal infinitive a
Page 663 and 664:
3. ה ָנּר֫ ֶ ְכּ ְמ ת־
Page 665 and 666:
infinitive, and so we do not recogn
Page 667 and 668:
15. וּני ֵל֫ ָע ררֵ תּ
Page 669 and 670:
34. יתִּ ְכס־אֹ ֑֫ ָ ל
Page 671 and 672:
9. 10. ה ָנ ְכלַ ֫ תּ ֵ
Page 673 and 674:
8. 9. 10. דמֵ ְשׁ ה ַ אטֵ
Page 675 and 676:
prophetic commands: legislative com
Page 677 and 678:
questions (## 9-11). 55 When the in
Page 679 and 680:
e found in sequence with a perfecti
Page 681 and 682:
typically presented as the “real
Page 683 and 684:
Elsewhere the forms of the possessi
Page 685 and 686:
Gen 40:20 [Page 602] d In an accusa
Page 687 and 688:
1b. אֹ בא־ר ָ ֶשׁ א ֲ ד
Page 689 and 690:
a The combination of l + infinitive
Page 691 and 692:
The subject of the infinitive may b
Page 693 and 694:
heading may be included the very fr
Page 695 and 696:
49. אוֹבל ָ שׁמֶ ֶשּׁ ֫
Page 697 and 698:
used to form the perfective verbs w
Page 699 and 700:
participle is sometimes used where
Page 701 and 702:
fientive participle (with objects:
Page 703 and 704:
25. שׁ ֻבל ְ שׁיאִ ה ָ
Page 705 and 706:
1. שׁא ֵ ךָיהלֹ ֶ֫ א ֱ
Page 707 and 708:
4. תא ֵ תֹאֹרה ָ ךָינ
Page 709 and 710:
22. ר ֵבּד ַמְ ה ַ י ִפ
Page 711 and 712:
םישׁ֑ ִ ְק בַ ְמ Exod 10
Page 713 and 714:
24. 25. Gen 16:8 םהֶ ָל םחָ
Page 715 and 716:
2 Kgs 7:2 37.7 Use with Finite Verb
Page 717 and 718:
17. [Page 630] 16. םינִ תֹנ
Page 719 and 720:
Much of the Masoretic system is foc
Page 721 and 722:
Schneider lists the following macro
Page 723 and 724:
a One of the most common types of l
Page 725 and 726:
7. . ל ַכאֹ נּ־ה ַמ וּר
Page 727 and 728:
6. ם ֶכתְ א ֶ יחי ִ דּ
Page 729 and 730:
ֶ ֫ ֵ ִ ֵ ֲ ֵ ֶ 10) and י
Page 731 and 732:
׃ד ָכל־ם ָ א ִ יתִּ ל
Page 733 and 734:
predicate; see 8.4.) A noun clause
Page 735 and 736:
[Page 646] 16. ׃ינוֹ ִ מ֫ ָ
Page 737 and 738:
3. ירִ ְמ ַצ ימי ַ מוּ
Page 739 and 740:
the two uses of w«/wa joining clau
Page 741 and 742:
. . . םינִ ָפל ְ םֵ יּק
Page 743 and 744:
1. [Page 654] 2. הת֑ ֵ ְשׁוּ
Page 745 and 746:
hills,’ 27 suggests that the last
Page 747 and 748:
י ִכּ ה ָמ ח֑ ָ֫ ר ֻ א
Page 749 and 750:
18. לוֹמ ְ ֶ 19. 20. 21. 22. 2
Page 751 and 752:
ֵ ְ ַ ִ ְ ֶ ֫ 3. םארא ם
Page 753 and 754:
Verbless clauses are negated with
Page 755 and 756:
5. . . . ךְִיר֫ ַ ָבחֲ
Page 757 and 758:
15. יתִּ רְ ַכז־אֹ ָ ל
Page 759 and 760:
contrast, ןכ־לע usually introd
Page 761 and 762:
ינִ א־ר ֲ ֶשׁ א ֲ תא
Page 763 and 764:
c The full range of uses is evident
Page 765 and 766:
ר ָשׂ ָבּ־ךְאַ . . . ה֑
Page 767 and 768:
׃א ֵבחָ הֵ ְבּ 20. לבָ
Page 769 and 770:
with יח), nominal exclamations (e
Page 771 and 772:
c Presentatives introducing longer
Page 773 and 774:
elation (# 21), a condition (# 22)
Page 775 and 776:
2. ימִ ְשׁ ִבּ יתִּ ְע
Page 777 and 778:
[Page 681] 1. ויבִ א־ל ָ א
Page 779 and 780:
6. 5. אֹ ל םִי ַל֫ ָשׁ
Page 781 and 782:
a There are two types of questions
Page 783 and 784:
apocope the shortening of a form at
Page 785 and 786:
generic statement a statement refer
Page 787 and 788:
predicate adjective an adjective th
Page 789 and 790:
object; in passive voice the patien
Page 791 and 792:
Jaakov Levi. 1987. Die Inkongruenz
Page 793 and 794:
F. J. Goldbaum. 1964. Two Hebrew Qu
Page 795 and 796:
Ziont Zevit. 1977. The Linguistic a
Page 797 and 798:
David W. Baker. 1973. The Consecuti
Page 799 and 800:
James A. Huges. 1970. Another Look
Page 801 and 802:
——— . 1985. The Conditioning
Page 803 and 804:
———. 1978. Hebrew Stress Shif
Page 805 and 806:
———. 1971-72. The Oldest Evid
Page 807 and 808:
Avi Hurvitz. 1982. A Linguistic Stu
Page 809 and 810:
James Barr. 1968. Comparative Philo
Page 811 and 812:
John Macdonald. 1969. The Samaritan
Page 813 and 814:
W. J. van Bekkum. 1983. Observation
Page 815 and 816:
C. Rabin. 1943. The Evolution of th
Page 817 and 818:
J. A. Knudtzon, O. Weber, and E. Eb
Page 819 and 820:
———. 1986. The QATAL with Fut
Page 821 and 822:
August Dillmann. 1857. Grammatik de
Page 823 and 824:
Wolfram von Soden. 1965. Zur Method
Page 825 and 826:
Language in Literature, ed. K. Pomo
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An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

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