An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

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Isa 45:12, 15 Related to the uses of ןכא to restrict the immediately preceding clause is the restrictive use of יכּ (# 16) 100 and םא יכּ (# 17) in a clause after a negative clause; the combination םא יכּ can be used to restrict generally preceding material (# 18). 101 16. ארָ ְק ת־אֹ ִ ל ךָתְּ ְשׁ א ִ ירַ ָשׂ As for your wife Sarai—you shall not call her Sarai. י ִכּ יר֑ ָ ָשׂ הּ ָמ ְשׁ־תאֶ Rather, her name is Sarah. ׃הּ ָמ ְשׁ הרָ ָשׂ 102 17. . . . םבּ ֑ ָ ןתֵּ חַ תְ ת ִ אֹ לוְ םהֶ ָל וּשׂ ֲעת ַ הֹכּ־םא־י ִ ִכּ 18. י ִכּ אֹ לּ וּר ְמאֹ יּוַ ׃וּני ֵל֫ ָע הֶיהִי ְ ךְ ֶל ֶמ־ם ֫ אִ Gen 17:15 You shall not intermarry with them.…Rather, you shall treat them in the following way. Deut 7:3, 5 They said, “No! Rather, let there be a king over us. 1 Sam 8:19 e Of the remaining, less frequent restrictive adverbs, only לבָ א ֲ exhibits the three patterns seen earlier: it can restrict an immediately preceding clause (# 19) or generally[Page 672] preceding materials (## 20–21), and it can mark a reversal in expectations or beliefs (# 22). 103 This last, emphatic use is missing from ספא and םלוא. 104 Both ספא and יכּ ספא restrict general preceding material, offering clarifications (## 23–25), and the latter combination can also restrict the immediately preceding clause (# 26). The particle םלוּא ָ serves only to restrict a clause in relation to a preceding clause (## 27–28). 105 19. יתִּ ַבל ְ . . . יתי ִ אִ רָ וְ םי ִשׁ נָ אֲ הָ ו ְ האָ רְ ַמּ ה־ת ַ אֶ וּאר ָ אֹ ל ימִּ ִע וּיה ָ ר ֶשׁ אֲ לבָ א ֲ הא֑ ָ רְ ַמּ ה־ת ַ אֶ ה ָל ְפֽ נ ָ ה ָלֹד ג ְ הדָ רָ חֲ וּחרְ ְבִ יּו ַ םהי ֶ ֵל ֲע I alone…saw the vision. The men who had been with me did not see the vision. Rather, great terror fell on them, and they fled into hiding. 100 Cf. Amos 7:14 101 Cf. Ps 1:2. 102 The accompanying and parallel name change for Abraham in Gen 17:5 has w. 103 The standard view (see, e.g., Muraoka, Emphatic Words, 128–29) that ˒bl has an “early” meaning (in Genesis) and a distinct “late” meaning (in Daniel, cf. 2 Chr 1:4) is dubious; cf. n. 90. The particle biltî is apparently an item restrictive adverb in Num 11:6 and a clausal restrictive adverb in Isa 10:4. 104 The adverbial ending -ām is found on ˒wlm. 105 With ˒wlm, contrast the related particle ˒wly ‘perhaps’ (39.3.4b). For ˒wlm, see also the cases in Gen 48:19, Exod 9:16.
׃א ֵבחָ הֵ ְבּ 20. לבָ א ֲ םיהלֹ ִ א ֱ ר ֶמאֹ יּ֫ וַ ךָ ְל תדֶ ֶלֹי ֫ ךָתְּ ְשׁ א ִ הרָ ָשׂ ן ֵבּ תּ ְעדָי ַ֫ ה ֲ ר ֶמאֹ יּוַ התָּ ַעו ְ ךָי ֶל֫ א ֵ יתא ִ ָ֫בּ־ה ָמּ לָ ר ַשׂ־ם ִע םחֵ ָלּהִ ְל בוּשׁאָ דיגִּ א ַ לבָ אֲ . . . סר֑ ָ ָפּ םוּשׁרָ ה־ת ָ א ֶ ךָ ְל 21. ָ 22. ויחִ א־ל ָ א ֶ שׁיא ִ וּר ְמאֹ יּוַ וּנחְ ַנא ֲ םימִ ֵשׁ א ֲ לבָ אֲ וּניחִ א־ל ָ ַע 23. ריבִ ֱעה ֶ הוהי־ם ַגּ ׃תוּמת ָ אֹ ל ךָתא ְ טָּ חַ תא תָּ ְצא֫ ַ נ ִ ץאֵ נ־י ִ ִכּ ספֶ א֫ ֶ ה֑ זֶּה ַ ר ָבדּ ָבּ ַ הוהי רב[ ד] תוֹמ ךָ ְל דוֹלִּיּה ַ ן ֵבּה ַ ם ַגּ ׃תוּמָ י 24. . . . ץרֶ א֫ ָ ה־ל ָ א ֶ וּנא ָ֫בּ ם ָעה ָ ז ַע־י ִכּ ספֶ א֫ ֶ 25. י ִכּ ספֶ א ֶ֫ ךְמָּ ִע ךְ ֵלא ֵ ךְלֹהָ ךָתְּ רְ אַ ְפתּ ִ הֶיהְ ת ִ אֹ ל [Page 673] 26. . . . הּתֹא ָ יתִּ דְ מַ ְשׁ הִ וְ דימֵ ְשׁ ה ַ אֹ ל י ִכּ ספֶ א֫ ֶ בֹקאַי ֲ תיבּ־ת ֵ א ֶ דימִ ְשׁ ַע Dan 10:7 God said, “[Don’t focus your hopes on Ishmael—] rather, your (primary) wife Sarah will bear you a son.” Gen 17:19 And he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? I must return now to fight with the Persian prince.…Nevertheless, I will tell you what is written down.” Dan 10:20–21 Each said to his brother, “[We believed wrongly that we had gotten away with disposing of our brother] but we are (now) found to be at fault in the matter of our brother.” Gen 42:21 Indeed YHWH [on his part] has transferred your sin. You shall not die. Nevertheless, since you profaned YHWH’s word in this matter, the son to be born to you will die. 106 2 Sam 12:13–14 4QSam a We entered the land.…Nevertheless, the people are strong. Num 13:27–28 I will go with you, but [contrary to your expectations] there will be no glory for you. Judg 4:9 I will destroy it (the errant kingdom).…Nevertheless, I won’t [in the process] destroy the House of Jacob. 106 Note that the construction may be haplologic (two identical neighboring items are reduced to one): ˒epes kî kî > ˒epes kî. On the Qumran reading, see P. K. McCarter, Jr., II Samuel (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1984) 296; McCarter himself reads n˒ṣt ˒t yhwh with versional support.
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An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew
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AV Authorized Version (1611) LXX Se
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first quarter of the nineteenth cen
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use it. In any format, intermediate
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have continued to make small adjust
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from all stages, from the oldest po
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the Hebrew Bible is written in Aram
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Late Third Millennium (2350-2000).
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especially problematic body of mate
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do the Tosefta and halakhic (legal)
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c Judgments regarding these literar
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the text type represented by the Sa
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established on the basis of Ugariti
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history and of captors in their lat
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B.C.E.), they began to indicate fin
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tetragrammaton (YHWH), occasionally
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the text. By at least 100 C.E. the
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1.6 Masoretic Text 1.6.1 Character
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ומש הוהי would originally ha
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f During the more fluid stages of t
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In his later psalter, “Juxta Hebr
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groups of words joined by conjuncti
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service as dean or gaon of the Jewi
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e The Masoretes, whose work had cul
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three radicals of the root by Pe (f
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The labors of adaptation culminated
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a Linguistic literature on Hebrew f
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d In spite of various contacts betw
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Arabic (like other languages) was a
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(1897) 49 and in the grammar of Han
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describe and refer to the real worl
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One way to view the grammar/lexis o
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3. I ate ice cream with my spoon. I
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should primary attention be given t
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vowels (syncope). The fullest form
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3.3.4 Discourse and Text a Most lin
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that embody textual relations, anal
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given language, where the base is n
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users. 31 Historical variation is t
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would cost the speaker’s life. 36
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two levels of language has been res
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4.6 Modifiers 6.1 Adjectival Modifi
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classification refers to[Page 65] t
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2. interjection 3. adverb 4 the spe
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4.3 Phrase and Clause a A phrase is
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5. 6. 7. [Page 70] 8. (5) Infinitiv
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1. 2. 3. 4. הּ ָמ ְשׁ ארָ
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6. [Page 73] 7. םתֶּ אַ םי
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8. 9. 10. 2 Sam 7:6 (8) Relative Cl
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The nominative absolute constructio
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4.8 Sentence Mic 1:2 a The sentence
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1. םִי ר֫ ַ ְצ ִמ וּד
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priority over such abstractions. On
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proposed an elaborate schema to cla
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f This summary of one effort to des
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12. 13. ַ 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
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“sharpens” the root in a semant
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In most of these examples the vowel
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30. 5.7 Patterns with Suffixing ב
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example, liškâ and niškâ, ‘ro
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The -â ending (the he is a mater l
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peoples individualized objects, sor
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languages; among those that do not
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classes of nouns reflected in the b
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In time -at came to have the ultima
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Another masculine head noun is תי
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d Single components of a collective
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The doublet ה ָנ ֵע ְשׁ ַ
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ךָתֶּ ֫ ִבוּ־ךָנְ ִב
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ִ ֶ֫ ְ ַ 110] 4. 5. ה ָמּ
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in a way somewhat different from th
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With collectives the singular desig
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9. 10. שׁיא ִ לֹכּ ם ֶכי
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11. 12. ׃בלֵ ו ָ בל־אֹ
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d For complex historical reasons, a
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The plural of a singular collective
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18:51, 28:8, 42:6, 44:5; sing. freq
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used of various gods, it takes plur
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28:28). It also occurs in passages
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singular plural dual nominative -u
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e genitive and the -ô either accus
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הוהי־ר ַבד ְ הָיהָ
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8.4.1 Clauses of Identification a I
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gen 42:11 ׃אוּה
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Num 13:29 This rule does not apply
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‘YHWH our God is one YHWH’) 23
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for example, a noun (the modified)
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ְ ֶ ָ ִ֫ ִ ְ ֶ ְ ְ ְ b M
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coordinate elements in the compound
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genitive of agent (or a subjective
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2 Chr 24:6 [Page 144] d An agent or
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25. 26. 27. 28. 29. ויבִ א־ת
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9. 10. ךָתְּ רְ אַ ְפתּ
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9.5.3 Adjectival Genitive a In adje
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16. ה ָנ ָשׁ־ן ֶבּ ר ָכ
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34. [Page 152] 35. 36. םחֶ ֶל
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i In other genitives of class, the
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A prepositional phrase most often s
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9.7 Determination and Periphrasis a
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A comparable eonstruetion involves
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5. 6. 7. תוֹא ָב ְצ ( ם־י
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within the clause. 2 In this exampl
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5. She gave him the books. 6. She g
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19. 20. 21. 22. יתּ֑ ִ לְ וּ
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g An internal accusative is an expr
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i The so-called “datival accusati
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5. 6. 7. ת ֶב ֶכֹשׁ ֫ ה ָ
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substantive, adjective, or particip
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41. Ps 71:7 The accusative of speci
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[Page 175] 15. Deut 27:6 The accusa
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34. םתוֹא ָ ליחִ ְנַי
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called nota accusativi.” 30 A. M.
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ַ ִ ֱ ַ ַ ֫ ַ a The emphatic
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ָ ִ ְ ֶ b The particle תא is
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3. 4. 5. 6. ן ִמָ ינְ ִבּ
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20. וּכלְ ה־אֹ ֽ ָ ל י
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a Before the decipherment of the Ug
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2.13 לע 2.14 םע 2.15 תחתּ 11
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2. CVC, the proclitic prepositions
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complex prepositions (11.3), some s
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11.2.1 ירֵ חֲ א ַ ~רחַ א
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6. וֹא תוֹא ךָי ֶל֫ א
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[Page 196] 11.2.5 ְבּ a This prep
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19. תִיבַּ֫ ה ַ עקַ רְ
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35. 36. ךָתְּ ְב ִשׁ ְבּ
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[Page 201] 11. ימִּ ַע ןיבּ
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a This preposition is the only extr
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12. תָ ֹתּ֫ חִ ה ַ וֹ ֑
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6. ת ֵע ְל ה ָנֹוּיּהַ
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26. Gen 12:18 הוהי ַל אוּה
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42. 43. 44. 45. קוֹת ָמ ל ְ
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[Page 211] 59. 60. 61. ךָוֹ ֑מ
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from a specified beginning point (#
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20. תירִ ְכ ַנ אוֹלוְ
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d A goal of an abstract sort may be
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d The preposition can mark an objec
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׃עַ ֻשׁוֹהְי 5. ינֹד
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and specify the nature of its relat
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It is not rare, however, for the pr
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exclude such a union, the prepositi
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more precisely. Phrases which in En
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elate clauses by juxtaposition, the
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8. 9. ה ָנ ָמ לְ א ַ ה ָ
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28. 29. 27. קחָ ְצִי ְל י
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ןֹטקָּ הַ Gen 1:16 [Page 235
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while in # 9 the definite (or arthr
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ר ָפ ָעה ֶ the dust 15. In s
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ידַּ ַשׁ לאֵ Ruling (?) God
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a The common noun with the article
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16. 17. [Page 244] 18. טי ִל ָ
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36. 37. 35. ׃בהָ ָ ֶ זּ ַב
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10. 11. ר ַענּ ֑ ָ֫ה ַ ה
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ַ ַ ַ ְ ַ ָ ַ ֶ ֫ ָ ֶ֫
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דמָ ָע חַ רָי ְ ו ְ Mo
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a Nouns can be modified in a variet
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c An adjective often agrees with it
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Chap. 15). Another influence may be
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2. 3. ךָיט֫ ֶ ָפּ ְשׁ מ
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20. ה֑ עָ ר ָ ץרֶ א֫ ָ
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4. םי ִלֹד גּ ְ םִיוֹ
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25. 26. רב֑ ָ דּ ָ הוהימ
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Ezek 9:9 Various divine names can b
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33. 34. רי ִעה ָ י ֵלֹד
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15.6 Distributive Expressions 15.1
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םִינ ַ֫ ְשׁ ִל Ezra 10:13
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[Page 276] i As a substantive the n
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4. 5. וינָ ָבּ ת ַע ְב
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the latter otherwise unused. 15 (3)
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11. םי ִע ְב ִשׁ ו ְ םי
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18. תוֹא ֵמ־עבַ ְשׁוּ
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8. שׁדֶ ֹח ֫ ר ָשׂ ָע ם
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a The multiplicative expressions ar
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The other pattern, used for fractio
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The traditional segregation of pron
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elements also found in demonstrativ
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+ pronoun, although the former is m
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17. [Page 296] 18. ׃םרָ ְבא
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c This construction has a “select
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18. 17. . תוֹכלָ ְמּ ה ָ
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3. התָּ א ַ ה ֵנּה ִ וי
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one point is especially important.
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15. הֹמלֹ ְשׁ ִלּ ֶשׁ
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17.1 Introduction 17.2 Morphology 1
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Other adverbs of demonstrative forc
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an attributive adjective (i.e., wit
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10. 9. ת ֶשׁלֹ ְשׁ ִל הו
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9. ה֑ לֶ ֲענ ַ ךְרֶ דּ
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10. אוּהה ַ םוֹיּבּ ַ ם
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d There are four major parts of the
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2. 3. 5. הזֶ ָלּה ַ שׁיא
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21. אוֹלה ֲ בֹק ֲעַי ע
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preposition…[The pattern] poses a
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15. 16. Judg 11:12 םוֹל ָשׁ ְ
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37. אוּה ר ָב ְכּ הָיה
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The core term of the network, יא,
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23. ה ָנוֹז ְל התְי ָ
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introduced by the “relative” ma
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Like š, z is a frequent element in
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13. הָיה־ר ָ֫ ֶשׁ א ֲ
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9. ךְ֑ ל־ם ָ ֶלּ ַשְׁי
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14. [Page 338] 13. םוֹ ֑ל ָשׁ
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An “independent relative” claus
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הוּ ֫כַּ יּו, ַ which would
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might seem to be. 7 This survey is
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love’) or in past time (‘I love
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state; such a construction is calle
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different in Latin-influenced gramm
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the fact that the verbal stems cons
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picture John as he cooked the cabba
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only a participator in it. English,
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verb would be the object in an equi
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lengthening of the a before a non-g
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22.1 Introduction a The most common
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e English offers a second convenien
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ד֑ וִדּ־ת ָ א ֶ בהֹא
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The fientive (a/u) pattern is the m
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11. 12. [Page 370] 13. ָ ֑ ֵ֫
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3. 2. יחי ֑ ִ ִשׂ וי ָל
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50. 51. ץֹפּחַי ְ רפח ~
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ךְתָּ אִ ֵמ 2 Kgs 2:10 Some
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22.7 Qal Impersonal Constructions a
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protective h, for example, imperati
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i The Niphal normally functions as
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marked with the same case inflectio
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e Passive constructions in Hebrew m
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auxiliary[Page 386] verb in the uni
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ם ִמי ִענּ ְ הַ ו ְ ם
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In a transitive sentence the recipr
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23.5 Isolated and Denominative Niph
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old Qal passive would have a šureq
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a Since the Hithpael historically t
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such an approach is awkward, and ea
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meaning is labeled “factitive,”
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I. Qal-Piel-Hiphil attested (ca. 45
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5. ןהֶ ֵלא ֲ אוֹבתּ ָ
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h Given that the factitive is assoc
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1b. ק ֵלּחַ ֵמ וּלּ ַכְ
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waters). Ps 30:2 Regarding the use
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24.4 Denominative a Since the Piel
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ַ ָ ָ ֲ ֵ ַ ַ ְ ַ ְ ְ ָ
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24. Deut 7:26 h In the numeral deno
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׃וֹל י ֵכוֹח־ל ָכּ Isa
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is not concerned with an act but an
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If the implicit action is indirect
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8. 9. ךְרֹבְ ַ י ךָתְ
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of the t (ת →ט; ## 18-19). If t
Page 493 and 494:
Piel stem. 8 The presence of passiv
Page 495 and 496:
implies that he disallows Goetze’
Page 497 and 498:
Jer 5:9 3. א ֵשּׂ נַ תְ ִמ
Page 499 and 500:
2. גח־שׁ ֑ ָ דֶּ קַ תְ
Page 501 and 502:
1b. 2a. 2b. Ps 111:2 הוהי ֑ ך
Page 503 and 504:
[Page 436] f The fundamental causat
Page 505 and 506:
11c. עַ ֻשׁוֹהְי־תא ֶ
Page 507 and 508:
18b. ַ 18c. עי ִשׁ רְ ַמ
Page 509 and 510:
with a subject and two accusatives,
Page 511 and 512:
generation (e.g., רֹכבּ ְ ‘f
Page 513 and 514:
15. 14. תוֹרהָ ְנ וּחינ
Page 515 and 516:
[Page 448] 1d. הֹערְ ַפּ־ת
Page 517 and 518:
[Page 450] 4b. 4c. 5a. ץרֶ א֑
Page 519 and 520:
2c. הדֶ ָשּׂ ה ַ תַ יּחַ
Page 521 and 522:
5. imperative דֹמ ֲע י ִל
Page 523 and 524:
ise of modern linguistic thinking,
Page 525 and 526:
conversive.’ The ordinary waw, th
Page 527 and 528:
concrete nouns, represented the pas
Page 529 and 530:
particles occurring with the “aff
Page 531 and 532:
j Moreover, Ewald is guilty of redu
Page 533 and 534:
o Turner presents us once again wit
Page 535 and 536:
constructed imperfect indicative of
Page 537 and 538:
jussive. It may be argued from the
Page 539 and 540:
approach as the grammars must of ne
Page 541 and 542:
meaningful only in relation to anot
Page 543 and 544:
considered in the immediate relatio
Page 545 and 546:
d The second verb in the example ab
Page 547 and 548:
a The Hebrew conjugations qtl and y
Page 549 and 550:
perfective aspect. The variations c
Page 551 and 552:
a Stative verbs differ from fientiv
Page 553 and 554:
listeners to infer the more precise
Page 555 and 556:
5. ל ַכ ָשׂ םתא ָ ֵצ י
Page 557 and 558:
24. 25. 27. הוהי־לא ֶ יד
Page 559 and 560:
37. התָּ ַע אֹ לו ְ וּ
Page 561 and 562:
4. ׃וֹמּ ִע ֵמ ןקֵ ז ָ
Page 563 and 564:
494] 1. הז ֶ וּנ ְב ַשׁ ֫
Page 565 and 566:
6.3 Past Time with Particles 31.7 N
Page 567 and 568:
Judg 2:1 (5) After the adverbials
Page 569 and 570:
the[Page 500] object of our study
Page 571 and 572:
h On balance the comparative-histor
Page 573 and 574:
participle, this use lends itself t
Page 575 and 576:
Ps 61:3 This use forms a fitting co
Page 577 and 578:
2. א ֵצ ָמִּי אֹ ל שׁר
Page 579 and 580:
Exod 21:36 31.5 Volitional Uses of
Page 581 and 582:
the indicative mood, the mood of ce
Page 583 and 584:
c The consequent situation may in f
Page 585 and 586:
31.7 Nun-Bearing Forms a Some non-p
Page 587 and 588:
ָ ְ ִ ֵ ִ ָ ֱ ַ ִ ֫ ַ ְ
Page 589 and 590:
unassimilated (## 1a, 2a, 3a) or as
Page 591 and 592:
2a. 2b. ם ֶכתְ א ֶ יתִּ
Page 593 and 594:
(a) with a stative verb (after an i
Page 595 and 596:
Whatever…be the shade of meaning
Page 597 and 598:
as with the English ‘then.’ Fur
Page 599 and 600:
9. איהִ ה ַ ראֵ ְבּה־
Page 601 and 602:
Gen 3:22 e Sometimes the non-perfec
Page 603 and 604:
present time). The consequent meani
Page 605 and 606:
םלָּ ֻכּ םיחי ִ רִ ָב
Page 607 and 608:
24. לאוּמ ֵ ְשׁ טֹפּ ְ
Page 609 and 610:
asserts an actual concrete event, w
Page 611 and 612:
ם ֶכבּ ָ הוהי־ףאַ 17.
Page 613 and 614:
Vanoni has studied the two most com
Page 615 and 616:
ִ֫ ָ ַ ָ ִ ְ ֲ ָ ֵ ִ ֶ
Page 617 and 618:
is normally prefixed to the short p
Page 619 and 620:
origin of the wa in the Akkadian co
Page 621 and 622:
number of cases to justify, explain
Page 623 and 624:
translated as presents. The same is
Page 625 and 626:
33.2.2 Epexegesis a Sometimes the s
Page 627 and 628:
epresent the pluperfect. David Qimh
Page 629 and 630:
12. םירִ ָבדּ ְ ה ַ יר
Page 631 and 632:
12. 13. [Page 556] 14. וּשׁ ָ֫
Page 633 and 634:
Ps 109:28 e Wayyqtl is also used af
Page 635 and 636:
ינִּ ֶמּ ֫ ִמ 7. . . . וּ
Page 637 and 638:
7. ז֑ ע־אֹ ָ ל ם ַע םי
Page 639 and 640:
16. יקּ֑ ָח ֻ ר ֵפּסַ ל
Page 641 and 642:
other languages. Through the voliti
Page 643 and 644:
[Page 567] b In earlier stages of N
Page 645 and 646:
The sense of a jussive in simple di
Page 647 and 648:
language of bare fact, a poet often
Page 649 and 650:
9. שֹׁבּ־ד ַע וֹב־וּר
Page 651 and 652:
34.5.1 Cohortative in Independent C
Page 653 and 654:
a In sentences made up of more than
Page 655 and 656:
lacking in post-exilic texts synopt
Page 657 and 658:
7. . . . ךָ ְצרְ אַ ֵמ ך
Page 659 and 660:
Gen 12:13 [Page 580] 35 Infinitive
Page 661 and 662:
The pattern of the Qal infinitive a
Page 663 and 664:
3. ה ָנּר֫ ֶ ְכּ ְמ ת־
Page 665 and 666:
infinitive, and so we do not recogn
Page 667 and 668:
15. וּני ֵל֫ ָע ררֵ תּ
Page 669 and 670:
34. יתִּ ְכס־אֹ ֑֫ ָ ל
Page 671 and 672:
9. 10. ה ָנ ְכלַ ֫ תּ ֵ
Page 673 and 674:
8. 9. 10. דמֵ ְשׁ ה ַ אטֵ
Page 675 and 676:
prophetic commands: legislative com
Page 677 and 678:
questions (## 9-11). 55 When the in
Page 679 and 680:
e found in sequence with a perfecti
Page 681 and 682:
typically presented as the “real
Page 683 and 684:
Elsewhere the forms of the possessi
Page 685 and 686:
Gen 40:20 [Page 602] d In an accusa
Page 687 and 688:
1b. אֹ בא־ר ָ ֶשׁ א ֲ ד
Page 689 and 690:
a The combination of l + infinitive
Page 691 and 692:
The subject of the infinitive may b
Page 693 and 694:
heading may be included the very fr
Page 695 and 696:
49. אוֹבל ָ שׁמֶ ֶשּׁ ֫
Page 697 and 698:
used to form the perfective verbs w
Page 699 and 700:
participle is sometimes used where
Page 701 and 702:
fientive participle (with objects:
Page 703 and 704:
25. שׁ ֻבל ְ שׁיאִ ה ָ
Page 705 and 706:
1. שׁא ֵ ךָיהלֹ ֶ֫ א ֱ
Page 707 and 708:
4. תא ֵ תֹאֹרה ָ ךָינ
Page 709 and 710:
22. ר ֵבּד ַמְ ה ַ י ִפ
Page 711 and 712:
םישׁ֑ ִ ְק בַ ְמ Exod 10
Page 713 and 714:
24. 25. Gen 16:8 םהֶ ָל םחָ
Page 715 and 716: 2 Kgs 7:2 37.7 Use with Finite Verb
Page 717 and 718: 17. [Page 630] 16. םינִ תֹנ
Page 719 and 720: Much of the Masoretic system is foc
Page 721 and 722: Schneider lists the following macro
Page 723 and 724: a One of the most common types of l
Page 725 and 726: 7. . ל ַכאֹ נּ־ה ַמ וּר
Page 727 and 728: 6. ם ֶכתְ א ֶ יחי ִ דּ
Page 729 and 730: ֶ ֫ ֵ ִ ֵ ֲ ֵ ֶ 10) and י
Page 731 and 732: ׃ד ָכל־ם ָ א ִ יתִּ ל
Page 733 and 734: predicate; see 8.4.) A noun clause
Page 735 and 736: [Page 646] 16. ׃ינוֹ ִ מ֫ ָ
Page 737 and 738: 3. ירִ ְמ ַצ ימי ַ מוּ
Page 739 and 740: the two uses of w«/wa joining clau
Page 741 and 742: . . . םינִ ָפל ְ םֵ יּק
Page 743 and 744: 1. [Page 654] 2. הת֑ ֵ ְשׁוּ
Page 745 and 746: hills,’ 27 suggests that the last
Page 747 and 748: י ִכּ ה ָמ ח֑ ָ֫ ר ֻ א
Page 749 and 750: 18. לוֹמ ְ ֶ 19. 20. 21. 22. 2
Page 751 and 752: ֵ ְ ַ ִ ְ ֶ ֫ 3. םארא ם
Page 753 and 754: Verbless clauses are negated with
Page 755 and 756: 5. . . . ךְִיר֫ ַ ָבחֲ
Page 757 and 758: 15. יתִּ רְ ַכז־אֹ ָ ל
Page 759 and 760: contrast, ןכ־לע usually introd
Page 761 and 762: ינִ א־ר ֲ ֶשׁ א ֲ תא
Page 763 and 764: c The full range of uses is evident
Page 765: ר ָשׂ ָבּ־ךְאַ . . . ה֑
Page 769 and 770: with יח), nominal exclamations (e
Page 771 and 772: c Presentatives introducing longer
Page 773 and 774: elation (# 21), a condition (# 22)
Page 775 and 776: 2. ימִ ְשׁ ִבּ יתִּ ְע
Page 777 and 778: [Page 681] 1. ויבִ א־ל ָ א
Page 779 and 780: 6. 5. אֹ ל םִי ַל֫ ָשׁ
Page 781 and 782: a There are two types of questions
Page 783 and 784: apocope the shortening of a form at
Page 785 and 786: generic statement a statement refer
Page 787 and 788: predicate adjective an adjective th
Page 789 and 790: object; in passive voice the patien
Page 791 and 792: Jaakov Levi. 1987. Die Inkongruenz
Page 793 and 794: F. J. Goldbaum. 1964. Two Hebrew Qu
Page 795 and 796: Ziont Zevit. 1977. The Linguistic a
Page 797 and 798: David W. Baker. 1973. The Consecuti
Page 799 and 800: James A. Huges. 1970. Another Look
Page 801 and 802: ——— . 1985. The Conditioning
Page 803 and 804: ———. 1978. Hebrew Stress Shif
Page 805 and 806: ———. 1971-72. The Oldest Evid
Page 807 and 808: Avi Hurvitz. 1982. A Linguistic Stu
Page 809 and 810: James Barr. 1968. Comparative Philo
Page 811 and 812: John Macdonald. 1969. The Samaritan
Page 813 and 814: W. J. van Bekkum. 1983. Observation
Page 815 and 816: C. Rabin. 1943. The Evolution of th
Page 817 and 818:
J. A. Knudtzon, O. Weber, and E. Eb
Page 819 and 820:
———. 1986. The QATAL with Fut
Page 821 and 822:
August Dillmann. 1857. Grammatik de
Page 823 and 824:
Wolfram von Soden. 1965. Zur Method
Page 825 and 826:
Language in Literature, ed. K. Pomo
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An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

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