An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

ךְתָּ אִ ֵמ
2 Kgs 2:10
Some verbs show only the Qal-passive suffix conjugation (pointed as Pual), for
example, bzz and zr˓. 30
2.
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3.
וּזזָּ֫ ֻבוּ And they will be plundered.
וּערֹז־ל ֫ ָ ַ
Jer 50:37
בּ They are not (quite) sown.
Isa 40:24
Prefix forms are pointed as Niphal alongside Pual suffix forms for some roots, for
example, ḥṣb, where both sets are plainly Qal passive. 31
4a. רוּצ־לא ֶ וּטיבִּ֫ הַ
Look to the rock from which you were hewn.
4b.
םתֶּ ְב ַצּח ֻ
Isa 51:1
׃ןוּב ְצחֵי ָ רוּצּ ַבּ They were engraved in rock.
Job 19:24
A fourth group of roots show only Qal-passive prefix forms, pointed as Hophal. 32
30
Cf. cases for these roots: zwr ‘to press out’ (zó̄rû, Isa 1:6); zny (zûnnâ, Ezek 16:34);
zrq (zōraq, Num 19:13, 20); ḥpš (ḥupá̄šâ, Lev 19:20; no Qal active attested): yld
(yullad, Gen 4:26; twenty-six Pual suffix forms total: see below, nn. 34 and 37, on
participles); yṣr (yuṣṣá̄rû, Ps 139:16); krt (korrat, Ezek 16:4; korá̄tâ, Judg 6:28); mrq
(mōraq, Lev 6:21); npḥ (nuppāḥ, Job 20:26); ˓bd (˓ubbad, Deut 21:3, Isa 14:3); ˓zb
(˓uzzāb, Isa 32:14; ˓uzzəbâ, Jer 49:25); ˓śy (˓uśśêtî, Ps 139:15); qr˒ (qōrā˒, Isa 48:8;
five “Pual” suffix forms; cf. the true Pual participle məqōrā˒î, Isa 48:12); špk (šuppak,
Num 35:33; three Pual forms total; the Hithpael has a different sense).
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Cf. cases for these roots: ˒sr (Pual ˒ussərû, ˒ussá̄rû, both in Isa 22:3; Niphal yē˒āsēr,
Gen 42:19; tē˒āsēr, Judg 16:6, 10, 13); dḥy (Pual dōḥû, Ps 36:13; Niphal yiddāḥeh,
Prov 14:32); hrg (Pual hōrāg, Isa 27:7; horágnû, Ps 44:23; Niphal yēhārēg, Lam
2:20; tēhāragnâ, Ezek 26:6, cf. v 15); ṭrp (Pual ṭārōp ṭōrap, Gen 37:33; ṭārōp ṭōrāp,
Gen 44:28; Niphal ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp, Exod 22:12; yiṭṭārēp, Jer 5:6); mrṭ (Pual morá̄ṭṭâ,
Ezek 21:15, 16; cf. participles below, n. 34; Niphal yimmārēṭ, Lev 13:40, 41); śrp
(Pual śōrāp, Lev 10:16; Niphal yiśśārēp, Josh 7:15; fourteen forms total); šgl (Pual
šuggalt, Jer 3:2 Kethiv; Niphal tiššāgalnâ, Isa 13:16 Kethiv, Zech 14:2 Kethiv); šṭp
(Pual šuṭṭap, Lev 6:21; Niphal yiššāṭēp, Lev 15:12; yiššāṭəpû, Dan 11:22).
32
Cf. cases for these roots: ˒rr (tā˒ōr yû˒ār, Num 22:6); dwš (yûdaš, Isa 28:27); ḥwl ‘to
writhe’ (yûḥal, Isa 66:8); ḥnn (yuḥan, Isa 26:10, Prov 21:10); yṣr (yûṣar, Isa 54:17);
ktt (yûkkat, Isa 24:12; yukkattû, Mic 1:7, Jer 46:5, Job 4:20); ntn (yuttan, 1 Kgs 2:21;
eight forms total); ntṣ (yattāṣ, Lev 11:35); ntš (tuttaš, Ezek 19:12); swk ‘to pour’