An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

33.
34.
דוֹע again, continually (cf. # 24)
מתּ ָ continually
די ִ
All but one of these (# 32) is used as a noun (including הברה!). Although טעמ
is common (it occurs ca. 100 times), the relative rarity of diminishers is striking.
j The manner adverbs are the most diverse group of constituent adverbs: they can j
describe the manner of an action with regard to (a) action (‘quickly, suddenly’), (b)
the actors (‘together, secretly’), (c) their motives (‘falsely’), or (d) the results
(‘vainly’).
35.
הרָ הֵ ְמ quickly
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
םֹאתְ ִפּ 52
suddenly, abruptly
עתַ ֶפּ suddenly
עגַ ר֫ ֶ suddenly
ודָּ ח֫ ְ ַי/דחַי ַ together
שׁרֶ חֶ֫ secretly
אוְ ָשׁ falsely
ם ָנּחִ 53
in vain, gratis
םקי ָ רֵ 54
vainly
43.
Except for the three forms with adverbial -ā/ōm ending (## 36, 42, 43), all these
adverbs are also used as nouns, and it should be plain that there is no strict line
separating these manner adverbs from a variety of other adverbial accusative uses of
nouns.
39.3.2 Clausal and Item Adverbs
a The two groups of clausal adverbs and item adverbs overlap to a large extent, but the
overlap is largely the result of another fact: item adverbs are rare in Hebrew. The
grammatical tasks of negation, emphasis, and restriction are usually associated with
the entire clause, rather than an item within it. This relationship is most easily
recognized with negation: the common, clausal type is shown in ## 1–2, rare, item
types in ## 3–4.
[Page תאֹ זּה ַ ץרֶ א֫ ָ ה־ת ָ אֶ וְ
And this land he shall no more see / see no more.
660] ׃דוֹע האֶ רִי־אֹ ְ ל
1.
2.
׃וּניא֫ ִ ר ָ אֹ ל ה ָערָ ְ
Jer 22:12
ו And evil we did not see / we saw no evil.
52 It is common to derive pt˒m from pt˓ (e.g., Joüon §102b / p. 268), but the weakening
of ˓ayin to ˒aleph is rare.
53
From ḥēn with adverbial -ām; compare Latin gratia and gratis (Joüon # 102b / p.
268).
54
From rēq ‘empty,’ with adverbial -ām.