An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

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9. הּ ָבי ִשׁ הֲ ַל האָ ְלנִ ׃ויפּ־ל ִ א ֶ 10. החָ ְנאֶ נ ֶ אי ִ Jer 15:6 He (the sluggard) gets weary by returning it (his hand) to his mouth. Prov 26:15 ה It (Jerusalem) is groaning. Lam 1:8 [Page 387] d By “gerundive” we mean verbs in the Niphal (often participles) signifying that the adjectival state is necessary, or proper, or possible. 23 In English the adjectival suffixes -able/-ible/-ful/-ly signify these notions. 11. ה ֶנ ְב ִנּה ַ תִיבַּ֫ לַ ׃הוהי־ם ֶשׁ ְל 12. לוֹדגָּ ה ַ ר ָבּד ְמִּ ה־ל ַ ָכּ ארוֹנּ ָ הַ וְ 13. 14. ץרֶ א־ל ֶ֫ א ֶ םאֹבּ־ד ָ ַע ת ֶבשׁוֹנ ֑ ָ֫ 15. . . . ברֶ ח־י ֶ֫ פִ ל ְ םוּכַּ יּוַ א֑ צָ ְמ ִנּה־ל ַ ָכּ 16. the house that is to be built to the name of YHWH 1 Chr 22:19 all that vast and dreadful steppe Deut 1:19 ׃האָ רוֹנ ָ ץרֶ א֫ ֶ ֵמ from a terrible land ׃האָ רְ ִנ ן ֶבא ֶ֫ ןי ֵ 17. ת ֶל ֶכ֫ אֱ נֶּ ה ַ הָיּחַ ה ַ ןיבוּ ֵ אֹ ל ר ֶשׁ א ֲ הָיּחַ ה ַ ןיבוּ ֵ ׃ל ֵכאָ תֵ 18. ט֑ פָּ ְשׁ מוּ ִ הקָ דָ ְצ הֹשׂ ֲע ׃ח ַבזּ ָמ ִ הוהי ַל רחָ ְב ִנ Isa 21:1 until they came to a land that was inhabitable Exod 16:35 And they struck them with the sword…all who were found. Judg 20:48 א Not a stone was visible. 1 Kgs 6:18 between living creatures that are edible and those that are inedible Lev 11:47 To do what is right and just is more acceptable to YHWH than sacrifice. ָ ִ 19. ןת ָנוֹהיו לוּא ָשׁ Prov 21:3 Saul and Jonathan were lovely and gracious. 23 The term gerundive is derived from Latin grammar; the future passive participle, which signifies comparable notions, corresponds in form with the gerund. Note agenda, Latin,’those things that are to be done.’ Lambdin refers in connection with these forms to “the nuance of potentiality”; Introduction to Biblical Hebrew, 177.
ם ִמי ִענּ ְ הַ ו ְ םיבִ הָ אֱ נֶּ הַ 2 Sam 1:23 23.4 Double-Status Species of the Niphal a In the double-status uses of the Niphal, the subject (almost always personal) is at the same time agent and patient (or undergoer) of the verbal action. These correspond to reflexives and related constructions in the European languages, for example, English ‘I wash myself,’ French ‘Je me brosse les dents,’ German ‘Ich setze mich.’ As these examples suggest, reflexive actions are not a closed or fixed category: English does not use a reflexive for brushing the teeth, as French does, and ordinarily it does not do so for sitting down (but cf. ‘Set yourself down’). The double-status categories other than reflexive arise from various kinds of semantic complexity. b A reflexive construction is one in which the subject and object of the verb refer to the same person or thing. Niphal reflexives in the singular work straightforwardly; in the[Page 388] plural the sense tends to be distributive (cf. English ‘We washed ourselves,’ ‘We each washed ourselves,’ ‘Each of us washed herself’). Some Niphals are essentially reflexive; thus, ר ַמ ְשׁ נ ִ almost always signifies ‘to guard oneself,’ םקַּ נ ִ ‘to avenge oneself,’ ן ַע ְשׁ נ ִ ‘to lean (oneself),’ קנַ חְ ֶנ ‘to hang oneself.’ 24 ׃יבְ ָ יוֹא ֵמ ה ָמ ְק נָּ אִ ְ 2. 1. וי ָל ִע שׁיא ִ ךְמֵ ָ 3. יתִּ רְ ַמ ֫ א־ר ָ ֶשׁ א ֲ לֹכבוּ ְ וּרמ֑ ֵ֫ ָשּׁ תּ ִ ם ֶכי ֵלאֲ ו I will avenge myself on my enemies. Isa 1:24 סִּי If a man supports himself on it… Isa 36:6 And, with regard to everything I said to you, take care to yourselves. Exod 23:13 In other cases the reflexive sense is found alongside others, for example, ל ַצּ ִנ may signify ‘to deliver oneself’ or ‘to be delivered.’ c In many situations where other languages use reflexive constructions, Hebrew does not use the Niphal. Sometimes the reflexive relationship is expressed by means of the prepositions ל (11.2.10d), כּ , etc., with a personal pronoun or some circumlocution, such as שׁפנ or בבל. 4. יתֵּ ְשׁ ךְמֶ ל ֶ֫ וֹל־חקִּיּ ַ וַ םישׁ֑ ִ נ ָ 5. 6. ךָוֹ ֑מ ֫ ָכּ ךָ ֲערֵ ְל תָּ ְבהַ אָ ְ Then Lamech took for himself two wives. Gen 4:19 ו You shall love your neighbor as yourself. Lev 19:18 ׃וֹבהֵ א ֲ וֹשׁפְ ַנ ת ַבהֲ א־י ַ ִכּ He loved him with the love (he had) for himself. 24 Lambdin, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew, 177.
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An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew
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AV Authorized Version (1611) LXX Se
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first quarter of the nineteenth cen
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use it. In any format, intermediate
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have continued to make small adjust
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from all stages, from the oldest po
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the Hebrew Bible is written in Aram
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Late Third Millennium (2350-2000).
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especially problematic body of mate
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do the Tosefta and halakhic (legal)
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c Judgments regarding these literar
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the text type represented by the Sa
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established on the basis of Ugariti
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history and of captors in their lat
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B.C.E.), they began to indicate fin
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tetragrammaton (YHWH), occasionally
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the text. By at least 100 C.E. the
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1.6 Masoretic Text 1.6.1 Character
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ומש הוהי would originally ha
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f During the more fluid stages of t
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In his later psalter, “Juxta Hebr
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groups of words joined by conjuncti
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service as dean or gaon of the Jewi
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e The Masoretes, whose work had cul
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three radicals of the root by Pe (f
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The labors of adaptation culminated
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a Linguistic literature on Hebrew f
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d In spite of various contacts betw
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Arabic (like other languages) was a
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(1897) 49 and in the grammar of Han
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describe and refer to the real worl
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One way to view the grammar/lexis o
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3. I ate ice cream with my spoon. I
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should primary attention be given t
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vowels (syncope). The fullest form
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3.3.4 Discourse and Text a Most lin
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that embody textual relations, anal
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given language, where the base is n
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users. 31 Historical variation is t
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would cost the speaker’s life. 36
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two levels of language has been res
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4.6 Modifiers 6.1 Adjectival Modifi
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classification refers to[Page 65] t
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2. interjection 3. adverb 4 the spe
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4.3 Phrase and Clause a A phrase is
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5. 6. 7. [Page 70] 8. (5) Infinitiv
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1. 2. 3. 4. הּ ָמ ְשׁ ארָ
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6. [Page 73] 7. םתֶּ אַ םי
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8. 9. 10. 2 Sam 7:6 (8) Relative Cl
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The nominative absolute constructio
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4.8 Sentence Mic 1:2 a The sentence
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1. םִי ר֫ ַ ְצ ִמ וּד
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priority over such abstractions. On
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proposed an elaborate schema to cla
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f This summary of one effort to des
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12. 13. ַ 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
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“sharpens” the root in a semant
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In most of these examples the vowel
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30. 5.7 Patterns with Suffixing ב
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example, liškâ and niškâ, ‘ro
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The -â ending (the he is a mater l
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peoples individualized objects, sor
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languages; among those that do not
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classes of nouns reflected in the b
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In time -at came to have the ultima
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Another masculine head noun is תי
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d Single components of a collective
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The doublet ה ָנ ֵע ְשׁ ַ
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ךָתֶּ ֫ ִבוּ־ךָנְ ִב
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ִ ֶ֫ ְ ַ 110] 4. 5. ה ָמּ
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in a way somewhat different from th
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With collectives the singular desig
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9. 10. שׁיא ִ לֹכּ ם ֶכי
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11. 12. ׃בלֵ ו ָ בל־אֹ
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d For complex historical reasons, a
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The plural of a singular collective
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18:51, 28:8, 42:6, 44:5; sing. freq
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used of various gods, it takes plur
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28:28). It also occurs in passages
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singular plural dual nominative -u
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e genitive and the -ô either accus
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הוהי־ר ַבד ְ הָיהָ
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8.4.1 Clauses of Identification a I
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gen 42:11 ׃אוּה
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Num 13:29 This rule does not apply
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‘YHWH our God is one YHWH’) 23
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for example, a noun (the modified)
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ְ ֶ ָ ִ֫ ִ ְ ֶ ְ ְ ְ b M
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coordinate elements in the compound
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genitive of agent (or a subjective
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2 Chr 24:6 [Page 144] d An agent or
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25. 26. 27. 28. 29. ויבִ א־ת
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9. 10. ךָתְּ רְ אַ ְפתּ
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9.5.3 Adjectival Genitive a In adje
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16. ה ָנ ָשׁ־ן ֶבּ ר ָכ
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34. [Page 152] 35. 36. םחֶ ֶל
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i In other genitives of class, the
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A prepositional phrase most often s
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9.7 Determination and Periphrasis a
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A comparable eonstruetion involves
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5. 6. 7. תוֹא ָב ְצ ( ם־י
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within the clause. 2 In this exampl
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5. She gave him the books. 6. She g
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19. 20. 21. 22. יתּ֑ ִ לְ וּ
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g An internal accusative is an expr
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i The so-called “datival accusati
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5. 6. 7. ת ֶב ֶכֹשׁ ֫ ה ָ
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substantive, adjective, or particip
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41. Ps 71:7 The accusative of speci
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[Page 175] 15. Deut 27:6 The accusa
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34. םתוֹא ָ ליחִ ְנַי
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called nota accusativi.” 30 A. M.
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ַ ִ ֱ ַ ַ ֫ ַ a The emphatic
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ָ ִ ְ ֶ b The particle תא is
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3. 4. 5. 6. ן ִמָ ינְ ִבּ
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20. וּכלְ ה־אֹ ֽ ָ ל י
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a Before the decipherment of the Ug
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2.13 לע 2.14 םע 2.15 תחתּ 11
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2. CVC, the proclitic prepositions
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complex prepositions (11.3), some s
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11.2.1 ירֵ חֲ א ַ ~רחַ א
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6. וֹא תוֹא ךָי ֶל֫ א
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[Page 196] 11.2.5 ְבּ a This prep
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19. תִיבַּ֫ ה ַ עקַ רְ
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35. 36. ךָתְּ ְב ִשׁ ְבּ
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[Page 201] 11. ימִּ ַע ןיבּ
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a This preposition is the only extr
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12. תָ ֹתּ֫ חִ ה ַ וֹ ֑
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6. ת ֵע ְל ה ָנֹוּיּהַ
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26. Gen 12:18 הוהי ַל אוּה
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42. 43. 44. 45. קוֹת ָמ ל ְ
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[Page 211] 59. 60. 61. ךָוֹ ֑מ
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from a specified beginning point (#
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20. תירִ ְכ ַנ אוֹלוְ
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d A goal of an abstract sort may be
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d The preposition can mark an objec
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׃עַ ֻשׁוֹהְי 5. ינֹד
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and specify the nature of its relat
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It is not rare, however, for the pr
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exclude such a union, the prepositi
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more precisely. Phrases which in En
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elate clauses by juxtaposition, the
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8. 9. ה ָנ ָמ לְ א ַ ה ָ
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28. 29. 27. קחָ ְצִי ְל י
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ןֹטקָּ הַ Gen 1:16 [Page 235
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while in # 9 the definite (or arthr
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ר ָפ ָעה ֶ the dust 15. In s
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ידַּ ַשׁ לאֵ Ruling (?) God
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a The common noun with the article
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16. 17. [Page 244] 18. טי ִל ָ
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36. 37. 35. ׃בהָ ָ ֶ זּ ַב
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10. 11. ר ַענּ ֑ ָ֫ה ַ ה
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ַ ַ ַ ְ ַ ָ ַ ֶ ֫ ָ ֶ֫
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דמָ ָע חַ רָי ְ ו ְ Mo
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a Nouns can be modified in a variet
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c An adjective often agrees with it
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Chap. 15). Another influence may be
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2. 3. ךָיט֫ ֶ ָפּ ְשׁ מ
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20. ה֑ עָ ר ָ ץרֶ א֫ ָ
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4. םי ִלֹד גּ ְ םִיוֹ
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25. 26. רב֑ ָ דּ ָ הוהימ
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Ezek 9:9 Various divine names can b
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33. 34. רי ִעה ָ י ֵלֹד
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15.6 Distributive Expressions 15.1
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םִינ ַ֫ ְשׁ ִל Ezra 10:13
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[Page 276] i As a substantive the n
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4. 5. וינָ ָבּ ת ַע ְב
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the latter otherwise unused. 15 (3)
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11. םי ִע ְב ִשׁ ו ְ םי
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18. תוֹא ֵמ־עבַ ְשׁוּ
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8. שׁדֶ ֹח ֫ ר ָשׂ ָע ם
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a The multiplicative expressions ar
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The other pattern, used for fractio
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The traditional segregation of pron
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elements also found in demonstrativ
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+ pronoun, although the former is m
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17. [Page 296] 18. ׃םרָ ְבא
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c This construction has a “select
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18. 17. . תוֹכלָ ְמּ ה ָ
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3. התָּ א ַ ה ֵנּה ִ וי
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one point is especially important.
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15. הֹמלֹ ְשׁ ִלּ ֶשׁ
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17.1 Introduction 17.2 Morphology 1
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Other adverbs of demonstrative forc
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an attributive adjective (i.e., wit
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10. 9. ת ֶשׁלֹ ְשׁ ִל הו
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9. ה֑ לֶ ֲענ ַ ךְרֶ דּ
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10. אוּהה ַ םוֹיּבּ ַ ם
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d There are four major parts of the
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2. 3. 5. הזֶ ָלּה ַ שׁיא
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21. אוֹלה ֲ בֹק ֲעַי ע
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preposition…[The pattern] poses a
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15. 16. Judg 11:12 םוֹל ָשׁ ְ
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37. אוּה ר ָב ְכּ הָיה
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The core term of the network, יא,
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23. ה ָנוֹז ְל התְי ָ
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introduced by the “relative” ma
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Like š, z is a frequent element in
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13. הָיה־ר ָ֫ ֶשׁ א ֲ
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9. ךְ֑ ל־ם ָ ֶלּ ַשְׁי
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Page 403 and 404: An “independent relative” claus
Page 405 and 406: הוּ ֫כַּ יּו, ַ which would
Page 407 and 408: might seem to be. 7 This survey is
Page 409 and 410: love’) or in past time (‘I love
Page 411 and 412: state; such a construction is calle
Page 413 and 414: different in Latin-influenced gramm
Page 415 and 416: the fact that the verbal stems cons
Page 417 and 418: picture John as he cooked the cabba
Page 419 and 420: only a participator in it. English,
Page 421 and 422: verb would be the object in an equi
Page 423 and 424: lengthening of the a before a non-g
Page 425 and 426: 22.1 Introduction a The most common
Page 427 and 428: e English offers a second convenien
Page 429 and 430: ד֑ וִדּ־ת ָ א ֶ בהֹא
Page 431 and 432: The fientive (a/u) pattern is the m
Page 433 and 434: 11. 12. [Page 370] 13. ָ ֑ ֵ֫
Page 435 and 436: 3. 2. יחי ֑ ִ ִשׂ וי ָל
Page 437 and 438: 50. 51. ץֹפּחַי ְ רפח ~
Page 439 and 440: ךְתָּ אִ ֵמ 2 Kgs 2:10 Some
Page 441 and 442: 22.7 Qal Impersonal Constructions a
Page 443 and 444: protective h, for example, imperati
Page 445 and 446: i The Niphal normally functions as
Page 447 and 448: marked with the same case inflectio
Page 449 and 450: e Passive constructions in Hebrew m
Page 451: auxiliary[Page 386] verb in the uni
Page 455 and 456: In a transitive sentence the recipr
Page 457 and 458: 23.5 Isolated and Denominative Niph
Page 459 and 460: old Qal passive would have a šureq
Page 461 and 462: a Since the Hithpael historically t
Page 463 and 464: such an approach is awkward, and ea
Page 465 and 466: meaning is labeled “factitive,”
Page 467 and 468: I. Qal-Piel-Hiphil attested (ca. 45
Page 469 and 470: 5. ןהֶ ֵלא ֲ אוֹבתּ ָ
Page 471 and 472: h Given that the factitive is assoc
Page 473 and 474: 1b. ק ֵלּחַ ֵמ וּלּ ַכְ
Page 475 and 476: waters). Ps 30:2 Regarding the use
Page 477 and 478: 24.4 Denominative a Since the Piel
Page 479 and 480: ַ ָ ָ ֲ ֵ ַ ַ ְ ַ ְ ְ ָ
Page 481 and 482: 24. Deut 7:26 h In the numeral deno
Page 483 and 484: ׃וֹל י ֵכוֹח־ל ָכּ Isa
Page 485 and 486: is not concerned with an act but an
Page 487 and 488: If the implicit action is indirect
Page 489 and 490: 8. 9. ךְרֹבְ ַ י ךָתְ
Page 491 and 492: of the t (ת →ט; ## 18-19). If t
Page 493 and 494: Piel stem. 8 The presence of passiv
Page 495 and 496: implies that he disallows Goetze’
Page 497 and 498: Jer 5:9 3. א ֵשּׂ נַ תְ ִמ
Page 499 and 500: 2. גח־שׁ ֑ ָ דֶּ קַ תְ
Page 501 and 502: 1b. 2a. 2b. Ps 111:2 הוהי ֑ ך
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[Page 436] f The fundamental causat
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11c. עַ ֻשׁוֹהְי־תא ֶ
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18b. ַ 18c. עי ִשׁ רְ ַמ
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with a subject and two accusatives,
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generation (e.g., רֹכבּ ְ ‘f
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15. 14. תוֹרהָ ְנ וּחינ
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[Page 448] 1d. הֹערְ ַפּ־ת
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[Page 450] 4b. 4c. 5a. ץרֶ א֑
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2c. הדֶ ָשּׂ ה ַ תַ יּחַ
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5. imperative דֹמ ֲע י ִל
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ise of modern linguistic thinking,
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conversive.’ The ordinary waw, th
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concrete nouns, represented the pas
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particles occurring with the “aff
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j Moreover, Ewald is guilty of redu
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o Turner presents us once again wit
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constructed imperfect indicative of
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jussive. It may be argued from the
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approach as the grammars must of ne
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meaningful only in relation to anot
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considered in the immediate relatio
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d The second verb in the example ab
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a The Hebrew conjugations qtl and y
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perfective aspect. The variations c
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a Stative verbs differ from fientiv
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listeners to infer the more precise
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5. ל ַכ ָשׂ םתא ָ ֵצ י
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24. 25. 27. הוהי־לא ֶ יד
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37. התָּ ַע אֹ לו ְ וּ
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4. ׃וֹמּ ִע ֵמ ןקֵ ז ָ
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494] 1. הז ֶ וּנ ְב ַשׁ ֫
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6.3 Past Time with Particles 31.7 N
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Judg 2:1 (5) After the adverbials
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the[Page 500] object of our study
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h On balance the comparative-histor
Page 573 and 574:
participle, this use lends itself t
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Ps 61:3 This use forms a fitting co
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2. א ֵצ ָמִּי אֹ ל שׁר
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Exod 21:36 31.5 Volitional Uses of
Page 581 and 582:
the indicative mood, the mood of ce
Page 583 and 584:
c The consequent situation may in f
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31.7 Nun-Bearing Forms a Some non-p
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ָ ְ ִ ֵ ִ ָ ֱ ַ ִ ֫ ַ ְ
Page 589 and 590:
unassimilated (## 1a, 2a, 3a) or as
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2a. 2b. ם ֶכתְ א ֶ יתִּ
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(a) with a stative verb (after an i
Page 595 and 596:
Whatever…be the shade of meaning
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as with the English ‘then.’ Fur
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9. איהִ ה ַ ראֵ ְבּה־
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Gen 3:22 e Sometimes the non-perfec
Page 603 and 604:
present time). The consequent meani
Page 605 and 606:
םלָּ ֻכּ םיחי ִ רִ ָב
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24. לאוּמ ֵ ְשׁ טֹפּ ְ
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asserts an actual concrete event, w
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ם ֶכבּ ָ הוהי־ףאַ 17.
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Vanoni has studied the two most com
Page 615 and 616:
ִ֫ ָ ַ ָ ִ ְ ֲ ָ ֵ ִ ֶ
Page 617 and 618:
is normally prefixed to the short p
Page 619 and 620:
origin of the wa in the Akkadian co
Page 621 and 622:
number of cases to justify, explain
Page 623 and 624:
translated as presents. The same is
Page 625 and 626:
33.2.2 Epexegesis a Sometimes the s
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epresent the pluperfect. David Qimh
Page 629 and 630:
12. םירִ ָבדּ ְ ה ַ יר
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12. 13. [Page 556] 14. וּשׁ ָ֫
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Ps 109:28 e Wayyqtl is also used af
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ינִּ ֶמּ ֫ ִמ 7. . . . וּ
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7. ז֑ ע־אֹ ָ ל ם ַע םי
Page 639 and 640:
16. יקּ֑ ָח ֻ ר ֵפּסַ ל
Page 641 and 642:
other languages. Through the voliti
Page 643 and 644:
[Page 567] b In earlier stages of N
Page 645 and 646:
The sense of a jussive in simple di
Page 647 and 648:
language of bare fact, a poet often
Page 649 and 650:
9. שֹׁבּ־ד ַע וֹב־וּר
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34.5.1 Cohortative in Independent C
Page 653 and 654:
a In sentences made up of more than
Page 655 and 656:
lacking in post-exilic texts synopt
Page 657 and 658:
7. . . . ךָ ְצרְ אַ ֵמ ך
Page 659 and 660:
Gen 12:13 [Page 580] 35 Infinitive
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The pattern of the Qal infinitive a
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3. ה ָנּר֫ ֶ ְכּ ְמ ת־
Page 665 and 666:
infinitive, and so we do not recogn
Page 667 and 668:
15. וּני ֵל֫ ָע ררֵ תּ
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34. יתִּ ְכס־אֹ ֑֫ ָ ל
Page 671 and 672:
9. 10. ה ָנ ְכלַ ֫ תּ ֵ
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8. 9. 10. דמֵ ְשׁ ה ַ אטֵ
Page 675 and 676:
prophetic commands: legislative com
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questions (## 9-11). 55 When the in
Page 679 and 680:
e found in sequence with a perfecti
Page 681 and 682:
typically presented as the “real
Page 683 and 684:
Elsewhere the forms of the possessi
Page 685 and 686:
Gen 40:20 [Page 602] d In an accusa
Page 687 and 688:
1b. אֹ בא־ר ָ ֶשׁ א ֲ ד
Page 689 and 690:
a The combination of l + infinitive
Page 691 and 692:
The subject of the infinitive may b
Page 693 and 694:
heading may be included the very fr
Page 695 and 696:
49. אוֹבל ָ שׁמֶ ֶשּׁ ֫
Page 697 and 698:
used to form the perfective verbs w
Page 699 and 700:
participle is sometimes used where
Page 701 and 702:
fientive participle (with objects:
Page 703 and 704:
25. שׁ ֻבל ְ שׁיאִ ה ָ
Page 705 and 706:
1. שׁא ֵ ךָיהלֹ ֶ֫ א ֱ
Page 707 and 708:
4. תא ֵ תֹאֹרה ָ ךָינ
Page 709 and 710:
22. ר ֵבּד ַמְ ה ַ י ִפ
Page 711 and 712:
םישׁ֑ ִ ְק בַ ְמ Exod 10
Page 713 and 714:
24. 25. Gen 16:8 םהֶ ָל םחָ
Page 715 and 716:
2 Kgs 7:2 37.7 Use with Finite Verb
Page 717 and 718:
17. [Page 630] 16. םינִ תֹנ
Page 719 and 720:
Much of the Masoretic system is foc
Page 721 and 722:
Schneider lists the following macro
Page 723 and 724:
a One of the most common types of l
Page 725 and 726:
7. . ל ַכאֹ נּ־ה ַמ וּר
Page 727 and 728:
6. ם ֶכתְ א ֶ יחי ִ דּ
Page 729 and 730:
ֶ ֫ ֵ ִ ֵ ֲ ֵ ֶ 10) and י
Page 731 and 732:
׃ד ָכל־ם ָ א ִ יתִּ ל
Page 733 and 734:
predicate; see 8.4.) A noun clause
Page 735 and 736:
[Page 646] 16. ׃ינוֹ ִ מ֫ ָ
Page 737 and 738:
3. ירִ ְמ ַצ ימי ַ מוּ
Page 739 and 740:
the two uses of w«/wa joining clau
Page 741 and 742:
. . . םינִ ָפל ְ םֵ יּק
Page 743 and 744:
1. [Page 654] 2. הת֑ ֵ ְשׁוּ
Page 745 and 746:
hills,’ 27 suggests that the last
Page 747 and 748:
י ִכּ ה ָמ ח֑ ָ֫ ר ֻ א
Page 749 and 750:
18. לוֹמ ְ ֶ 19. 20. 21. 22. 2
Page 751 and 752:
ֵ ְ ַ ִ ְ ֶ ֫ 3. םארא ם
Page 753 and 754:
Verbless clauses are negated with
Page 755 and 756:
5. . . . ךְִיר֫ ַ ָבחֲ
Page 757 and 758:
15. יתִּ רְ ַכז־אֹ ָ ל
Page 759 and 760:
contrast, ןכ־לע usually introd
Page 761 and 762:
ינִ א־ר ֲ ֶשׁ א ֲ תא
Page 763 and 764:
c The full range of uses is evident
Page 765 and 766:
ר ָשׂ ָבּ־ךְאַ . . . ה֑
Page 767 and 768:
׃א ֵבחָ הֵ ְבּ 20. לבָ
Page 769 and 770:
with יח), nominal exclamations (e
Page 771 and 772:
c Presentatives introducing longer
Page 773 and 774:
elation (# 21), a condition (# 22)
Page 775 and 776:
2. ימִ ְשׁ ִבּ יתִּ ְע
Page 777 and 778:
[Page 681] 1. ויבִ א־ל ָ א
Page 779 and 780:
6. 5. אֹ ל םִי ַל֫ ָשׁ
Page 781 and 782:
a There are two types of questions
Page 783 and 784:
apocope the shortening of a form at
Page 785 and 786:
generic statement a statement refer
Page 787 and 788:
predicate adjective an adjective th
Page 789 and 790:
object; in passive voice the patien
Page 791 and 792:
Jaakov Levi. 1987. Die Inkongruenz
Page 793 and 794:
F. J. Goldbaum. 1964. Two Hebrew Qu
Page 795 and 796:
Ziont Zevit. 1977. The Linguistic a
Page 797 and 798:
David W. Baker. 1973. The Consecuti
Page 799 and 800:
James A. Huges. 1970. Another Look
Page 801 and 802:
——— . 1985. The Conditioning
Page 803 and 804:
———. 1978. Hebrew Stress Shif
Page 805 and 806:
———. 1971-72. The Oldest Evid
Page 807 and 808:
Avi Hurvitz. 1982. A Linguistic Stu
Page 809 and 810:
James Barr. 1968. Comparative Philo
Page 811 and 812:
John Macdonald. 1969. The Samaritan
Page 813 and 814:
W. J. van Bekkum. 1983. Observation
Page 815 and 816:
C. Rabin. 1943. The Evolution of th
Page 817 and 818:
J. A. Knudtzon, O. Weber, and E. Eb
Page 819 and 820:
———. 1986. The QATAL with Fut
Page 821 and 822:
August Dillmann. 1857. Grammatik de
Page 823 and 824:
Wolfram von Soden. 1965. Zur Method
Page 825 and 826:
Language in Literature, ed. K. Pomo
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An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

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