An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

6.
׃ויבְ ָ יוֹא־ל ָכּ תָּ חְ ַמ ֫ ְשׂ הִ You have allowed all his enemies to rejoice.
Ps 89:43
In certain instances the caused activity is agreeable to both subject and
undersubject and the undersubject becomes an indirect object of the “causing,” in
which case that notion becomes equivalent to bestowal.
7. ׃םיהלֹ ִ אֱ ה ָ וֹחי ִל ְצה ִ God gave him success.
8.
׃םהֶ ָל יחי ִ ִל֫ ְצת ַ אֹ ל ְ
2 Chr 26:5
ו You will not grant success to them.
Jer 2:37
[Page 447] 28 Hophal Stem
28.1 Form and Meaning
28.2 Hophals of Qal and Niphal Verbs Used Intransitively
28.3 Hophals of Qal Verbs Used Transitively
28.4 Denominative and Isolated Hophals
28.5 Modal Senses
28.1 Form and Meaning
a Like the Piel and Pual, the Hiphil and Hophal stems stand in active: passive
opposition. 1 The Pual and Hophal are the rarest of the seven major stems, and the
Hophal is the rarer of the two. As with the Pual, certain Qal passive forms are pointed
as Hophal (22.6).
b Both the Pual and Hophal stems represent the subject as being caused to be acted
upon or to suffer the effects of having been acted upon (usually by an unnamed
agent). Whereas in Pual the subject is made into a state represented by the root, in
Hophal it is caused, or suffers the effects of having been caused, to be in the event
signified by the root. Compare and contrast, for example, these cases with דלי and
ןוכּ (which has Polel/Polal instead of Piel/Pual).
1a. תוֹיּרִ ְב ִעה־ת ָ א ֶ ן ֶכדְ ֶלַּי בְּ When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth (Piel)
(lit., when you make the Hebrew women to be
delivered of child)…
1b. יתִּ דְ ַלֻּי ֫ ר ֶשׁ אֲ
םוֹיּה ַ רוּראָ וֹ ֑בּ
1c.
׃תוֹנ ָבוּ םינִ ָבּ ד ֶלוֹיּ֫ ַ
Exod 1:16
Cursed be the day in which I was born (Pual) (lit., was
made to be born [as a state]).
Jer 20:14
ו He begat (Hiphil) sons and daughters (lit., caused sons
and daughters to be born [as an event]).
Gen 5:4
1 The original or basic first vowel of the Qal passive, Pual, and Hophal is u, but in the
last stem o is more common; for the two vowels, note wəhomlēaḥ lo˒ laḥat, ‘You were
not rubbed with salt’ (Ezek 16:4).