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The Universal Language of Freemasonry - ArchiMeD - Johannes ...

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330<br />

Chapter 5 - Technical Terminology<br />

IFL furnishes several speculations with regard to the provenance <strong>of</strong> that term.<br />

Thus, the adherents <strong>of</strong> "Stuart Masonry" were convinced that with "widow" was<br />

meant Henriette <strong>of</strong> France, the widow <strong>of</strong> the executed King Charles I, the son <strong>of</strong><br />

the Pretender. When at table lodge, their toasting ceremonies contained a toast to<br />

the "fatherless and widow" which has to be understood in this connotation. In the<br />

Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, the explanation is commonly heard that the<br />

formulation "widow's son" was already used in the ancient mysteries <strong>of</strong> Egypt<br />

and came to <strong>Freemasonry</strong> via the Celtic Druids. <strong>The</strong> son <strong>of</strong> Osiris and Isis was<br />

also called "widow's son." Even the Order <strong>of</strong> the Knights Templar is referred to<br />

as "widow's son," while Hiram symbolizes the last Knights Templar, DeMolay:<br />

Für die Entstehnung diese [...] Ausdrucks werden verschiedene Quellen<br />

angegeben. Für die Anhänger der sogenannten stuartistischen<br />

(jakobitischen) Auffassung vom Ursprung des Meistergrades war die<br />

'Witwe' Henriette von Frankreich, die Gattin des 1649 hingerichteten<br />

Königs Karl I., der 'Sohn' der Prätendent und spätere König Karl II., auf<br />

den sich damals alle H<strong>of</strong>fnungen der Anhänger des Hauses Stuart<br />

richteten.<br />

Im A. u. A. Schottischen Ritus wird erklärt, der Ausdruck sei<br />

Gemeingut aller Mysterien des Altertums gewesen und von Ägypten<br />

über die keltischen Druiden in die Freimaurerei gelangt.<br />

Auch Hortus, der Sohn des von seinem Bruder Seth getöteten Osiris<br />

und der Isis, wird als 'Sohn der Witwe' bezeichnet.<br />

In verschiedenen Systemen der Schottischen Maurerei gilt der<br />

Templerorden als 'Witwe', Hiram als der hingerichtete letzte Templer-<br />

Großmeister de Molay, und die Freimaurer sind die 'Söhne der Witwe'.<br />

Unter den Anängern der Stuarts in England und Frankreich war ein<br />

Trinkspruch üblich, der 'to the Fatherless and widow' [...] galt. 1015<br />

According to the EOF, "the French Masons subsequently changed the myth<br />

and called themselves 'Sons <strong>of</strong> the Widow,' and for this reason. 'As the wife <strong>of</strong><br />

Hiram remained a widow after her husband was murdered, the Masons, who<br />

regard themselves as the descendants <strong>of</strong> Hiram, called themselves Sons <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Widow.' " 1016 Albert G. Mackey argues that "this myth is a pure invention, and is<br />

without the Scriptural foundation <strong>of</strong> the York myth, which makes Hiram himself<br />

the widow's son." 1017<br />

<strong>The</strong> expression "widow's son" is used in <strong>Freemasonry</strong> in the acoustic part <strong>of</strong><br />

the Grand Hailing Sign <strong>of</strong> Distress which a Mason gives in danger, in order to<br />

call his brethren to help him. <strong>The</strong> non-acoustic part is illustrated in the following<br />

cut.<br />

1015 IFL, p. 1473/1474.<br />

1016 EOF, p. 849.<br />

1017 Ibid.

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