The Universal Language of Freemasonry - ArchiMeD - Johannes ...

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction...............................................................................15
1.1 List of Abbreviations...................................................................22
1.2 Notes on Spelling ........................................................................23
2. Historical Background: The Relevance of .Ritual and Secrecy
at Different Times and in various Geographical Areas .........24
2.1 England, the Isle of Club Life .....................................................46
2.2 Ireland and Scotland....................................................................50
2.3 Masonry and Politics in France and Italy....................................56
2.4 Masonry and Philosophy in Germany .........................................68
2.5 North America: Masonry for the Family.....................................73
3. An Overview of Masonic Rites.................................................78
3.1 Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite vs. York Rite ........................78
3.2 Freemasonry and Women: Adoptive Rites & Co-Masonry ........81
3.3 "Negro Freemasonry" (Prince Hall) in the U.S. ..........................87
3.3.1 The Official History of Prince Hall Masonry..............................92
3.3.2 Black Masonic Historical Tradition ............................................93
3.3.3 Black Masonic Self-Definition....................................................96
3.3.4 Prince Hall Freemasonry and Rivaling ...........................................
Fraternal Organizations...............................................................98
3.3.5 Financial and Job-Related Reasons to Join PHA ......................100
3.3.6 Prestige Reasons........................................................................105
3.3.7 Black Masonic Partisan Politics and ..............................................
the Civil Rights Movement .......................................................107
3.3.8 Problems of Universality...........................................................110
4. Signs & Symbols of the Three Degrees..................................115
4.1 Rooms and Furniture.................................................................117
4.1.1 The Lodge .................................................................................118
4.1.1.2 The Carpet, or Trestle-Board (Tracing Board)..........................125
4.1.2 The Chamber of Reflection, or Anteroom.................................131
4.1.3 The Hall of the Lost Steps.........................................................135
4.1.4 The Middle Chamber & the Winding Stairs..............................136