Cambridge Ancient Hi.. - Index of

252 9. roman law
later constitutions. It was then extended another three times, adding two
more Novels each time, but three on the last occasion, which had previously
been omitted from those of the period 535–45. The third extension
involved another duplication. Here the individual Novels stood in a numbered
series, but the subdivisions, the chapters, were also numbered, in
such a way that the numbering of the chapters overrode the boundaries
between the individual Novels. The collection itself does not survive, but
we have evidence of it in five documents emanating from Julian’s contemporary
teaching of law in Constantinople (see below). The most important
is a Latin index, a summary of the contents of all 124 items by Julian
himself, which survives as the so-called Epitome Juliani. 55 It is the textbook
of his course on the Novels given in the academic year 556–7 in Latin, evidently
for refugees from Italy. It met with success in the west and was
almost exclusively relied upon in the early Middle Ages. 56 The second collection
of Justinianic Novels originally reached to 556. It sought to put the
late additions to the first collection into their proper chronological places,
which it carried through with some minor mistakes, and to add some more
recent pronouncements. It was later extended at least to 566. 57 The original
edition survives only in fragments of a Greek course on the Novels
given by Julian in 557–8. 58 The extended edition can likewise be seen only
through the fragments of an anonymous writer of about 600. The third
collection reached at first to 556 and contained 127 items. Here again we
lack direct evidence, but most of the items were in Greek and we do have
a word by word Latin translation of those (κατ� π�δας), and we also have
Latin texts of a few of those which were issued either in Latin or in both
languages. The translation was made to back up a course on the Novels in
Rome in 557–8 and was bit by bit extended by the addition of further Latin
Novels reaching up to 563, till it included 134 items. It acquired the name
Authenticum and in the west displaced the Epitome Juliani in the late Middle
Ages. 59 Only the fourth and last collection of Novels has come down to us
directly. 60 It reaches to 575 and includes 168 items. The last three, edicts of
praetorian prefects from the early or mid sixth century, are clearly later
additions. In 572 Athanasius of Emesa made a Greek epitome of the
Novels and put them into a systematic order; 61 in 580–90 Theodorus
Scholasticus of Hermopolis produced a Greek abridgement of the collection
of 168 Novels. 62
55 Scheltema (1970) 47–50. On the four remaining pieces of Byzantine evidence see Liebs (1987)
220–44. 56 Liebs (1987) 246–66, 269–76.
57 van der Wal (1964) 164ff.; Liebs (1987) 223, 232–4.
58 Simon et al.(1977) 1–29, supplemented by Liebs (1987) 223, 232–4.
59 Authenticum; also in the sequence of the fourth collection: CIC iii, but only the upper Latin text,
if identified as Authenticum and supplied with its original numbering. 60 CIC iii.
61 Simon and Troianos (1989). 62 See p. 258 below, n. 113.
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