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510 18. the north-western provinces<br />

<strong>of</strong> the later sixth century may have been completely invisible a century<br />

earlier.<br />

Mixed in with this picture <strong>of</strong> collapse, however, is a picture <strong>of</strong> remarkable<br />

continuity. Writers in the south <strong>of</strong> Gaul presented the early fifth<br />

century as a period <strong>of</strong> calamity, but their successors in the second half <strong>of</strong><br />

the century chose to emphasize the continuance <strong>of</strong> Roman tradition. 84<br />

Archaeology supports the written word in suggesting continuity in such<br />

southern cities as Vienne, Arles and Marseilles. At the same time, despite<br />

the crises in the Loire valley in the 460s, Sidonius continued to number<br />

northern bishops and aristocrats among his correspondents. Among the<br />

bishops were Agroecius <strong>of</strong> Sens, 85 Euphronius <strong>of</strong> Autun, 86 Lupus <strong>of</strong><br />

Troyes, 87 Nunechius <strong>of</strong> Nantes, 88 Perpetuus <strong>of</strong> Tours, 89 Principius <strong>of</strong><br />

Soissons, 90 Prosper <strong>of</strong> Orleans 91 and Remigius <strong>of</strong> Rheims. 92 Agroecius and<br />

Euphronius he consulted over the election <strong>of</strong> Simplicius to the see <strong>of</strong><br />

Bourges, while he informed Perpetuus <strong>of</strong> the result. Along with Paulinus<br />

<strong>of</strong> Périgueux, he supplied Perpetuus with verses for the newly rebuilt<br />

church <strong>of</strong> St Martin. 93 This church was being built during precisely the<br />

years that Aegidius, Childeric, Paul, the Saxon Odoacer and the Visigoths<br />

were fighting in the Loire valley – it was truly a capsule <strong>of</strong> eternity in a very<br />

unstable world. 94 Aegidius himself may have been a benefactor <strong>of</strong> St<br />

Martin’s, but <strong>of</strong> him Sidonius says not a word. 95 Sidonius did nevertheless<br />

correspond with Principius, the bishop <strong>of</strong> Soissons, which seems to have<br />

been Aegidius’ power base. Perhaps even more remarkable, Sidonius’<br />

friend Volusianus set <strong>of</strong>f for his estate in the Bayeux region in the late<br />

460s. 96<br />

Among Sidonius’ northern correspondents, Remigius provides a valuable<br />

thread through the chaos <strong>of</strong> the late fifth century. Unfortunately many<br />

<strong>of</strong> the sources for Remigius are late, not least the Vita rewritten by<br />

<strong>Hi</strong>ncmar in the ninth century. Nevertheless, he appears as a correspondent<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sidonius in 471 or thereabouts. 97 In the ensuing years the civitas <strong>of</strong><br />

Rheims must have fallen into the hands <strong>of</strong> the Frankish king Childeric,<br />

since Remigius wrote to the king’s son, Clovis, when he took over the province<br />

<strong>of</strong> Belgica Secunda in succession to his father. 98 The letter presupposes<br />

a good deal <strong>of</strong> organizational continuity in the province. Remigius<br />

was later to baptize Clovis, 99 and to play some role in church appointments<br />

in the last years <strong>of</strong> his reign. 100 The bishop’s will, preserved like that <strong>of</strong> his<br />

84 Wood (1992) 9–10. 85 Sid. Ap. Ep. 7.5. 86 Sid. Ap. Epp. 7.8; 9.2.<br />

87 Sid. Ap. Epp. 6.1; 6.11. 88 Sid. Ap. Ep. 8.13. 89 Sid. Ap. Ep. 7.9.<br />

90 Sid. Ap. Epp. 8.14; 9.10. 91 Sid. Ap. Ep. 8.15. 92 Sid. Ap. Ep. 9.7.<br />

93 Sid. Ap. Ep. 4.18.4–5; Greg.Tur.<strong>Hi</strong>st. ii.14; Harries (1994) 116; Van Dam (1993) 18, 314–16.<br />

94 Van Dam, Leadership and Community 230–55: Brown (1996) 64. 95 Harries (1994) 98–9, 247–8.<br />

96 Sid. Ap. Ep. 4.18.2. 97 Sid. Ap. Ep. 9.7.<br />

98 Epist. Austras. 2, ed. W. Gundlach, MGH, Epistolae 3 (Berlin 1892). 99 Greg. Tur. <strong>Hi</strong>st. ii.31.<br />

100 Epist. Austras. 3.<br />

<strong>Cambridge</strong> <strong>Hi</strong>stories Online © <strong>Cambridge</strong> University Press, 2008

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