Cambridge Ancient Hi.. - Index of

820 27. the definition and enforcement of orthodoxy
east, however, in particular the bishops of Illyricium under Alcison of
Nicopolis, were in favour of Chalcedon and of Rome, and looked to
Vitalian, the Thracian count, as their champion. In 512 Vitalian led a revolt
against Anastasius, demanding the restoration of Macedonius and Flavian
and no addition to the Trishagion. On Vitalian’s victory in 514 Anastasius
agreed to eliminate the addition to the Trishagion and to end the breach with
Rome, and invited the bishop of Rome to a council to be held at Heracleia.
However, his attempts to reach a compromise with pope Hormisdas
(514–23) on these issues was unsuccessful, 25 and by the time the emperor
died in 518 the breach with Rome was complete. In the wake of Vitalian’s
success the Scythian monks in Constantinople were advocating the use of
a potentially theopaschite formula (‘one of the Trinity suffered’) in a
Chalcedonian but anti-Nestorian sense. At the end of Anastasius’ reign the
anti-Chalcedonian position had crystallized and been made explicit, in such
a way that the major issues in ecclesiastical unity were clear: all hinged on
the acceptance or rejection of Chalcedon and the Tome.
vi. justin i and justinian
There could be no doubt about the agenda awaiting the new emperor Justin
I (518–27) on his accession: the populace in Constantinople demanded that
he should make his position clear by proclaiming Chalcedon and banishing
Severus. This Justin did. The four oecumenical councils were proclaimed,
the names of Macedonius and Leo of Rome were restored to the diptychs
in Constantinople, and the feast of the Council of Chalcedon was inaugurated
(16 July 518). Justin began initiatives to end the schism with Rome,
with the support of his nephew, Justinian, and Vitalian. The importance
which the emperor attached to the restoration of unity between east and
west can be seen from the invidious terms of the libellus put forward by
pope Hormisdas and signed by John, patriarch of Constantinople, on 28
March 519. Not only did John anathematize the most important opponents
of Ephesus and Chalcedon, but he acquiesced in removing from the diptychs
the names of all patriarchs of Constantinople, including Acacius, as
well as those of the emperors Zeno and Anastasius. 26 After thirty-five
years, and seemingly at a great price to the eastern empire, unity was
restored between east and west, and Chalcedonian orthodoxy triumphed.
But in the east itself the polarization between Chalcedonian and anti-
Chalcedonian parties was ever more apparent. Severus had been forced to
flee his see a few months after the death of Anastasius. Like Julian of
Halicarnassus and others before him, he sought refuge in Alexandria,
which was uncompromisingly anti-Chalcedonian. In 519 Philoxenus, too,
25 Frend, Monophysite Movement 231–2. 26 Guenther (1895) 167.
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