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legal literature 257<br />

on the Epitome Juliani. 100 Finally from late-sixth-century Rome come the<br />

Glossae, which are later summaries <strong>of</strong> Julian’s Epitome giving brief accounts<br />

<strong>of</strong> the contents <strong>of</strong> his chapters. 101<br />

A first-year course in Alexandria based on the Institutes <strong>of</strong> Gaius may<br />

have been the source <strong>of</strong> the Greek marginal comments on the fourthcentury<br />

Florentine fragments <strong>of</strong> the Institutes found in Antinoe in Egypt. 102 And<br />

a second-semester course in Alexandria or Beirut on dowry and guardianship<br />

based on Ulpian’s Ad Sabinum libri (books 31–6a on dowry, 36b–40a<br />

on guardianship) is the source <strong>of</strong> the Sinaitic scholia from the middle <strong>of</strong> the<br />

fifth century. These form part <strong>of</strong> a detailed and learned exposition <strong>of</strong><br />

books 35–9 <strong>of</strong> Ulpian’s work by an unknown teacher and another called<br />

Sab . . . 103 This Sab . . . had also discussed legacies, which were studied at<br />

the end <strong>of</strong> the first year. 104 A third-year course based on Papinian’s responsa<br />

in Alexandria in about 500 accounts for the scholia to the Berlin and Paris<br />

fragments <strong>of</strong> book 5 discovered in Egypt. 105<br />

Justinian’s reformed curriculum yields, from courses in Constantinople:<br />

the paraphrase <strong>of</strong> the Institutes by Theophilus, which was aimed at beginners<br />

in their first year and survives in full; 106 expositions <strong>of</strong> the first nineteen<br />

books <strong>of</strong> the Digest by Theophilus and presumably similar expositions<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Digest by Kobidas, 107 aimed at the courses for the end <strong>of</strong> the first<br />

year and the two following years <strong>of</strong> the curriculum; Julian’s Collectio, a<br />

unique text from teaching based on the Codex, and the Veronese scholia to<br />

the Codex, both directed to the fifth year; 108 to the courses at the close <strong>of</strong><br />

the fifth year belong Julian’s Latin and Greek explanations <strong>of</strong> Justinian’s<br />

Novels and his De Consiliariis Dictatum, which <strong>of</strong>fers advice to those completing<br />

their studies. 109 From the corresponding activity in Beirut come the<br />

diverse expositions <strong>of</strong> Digest texts from Dorotheus (soon after 542), Isidore<br />

and Stephanus, 110 from whom we have also the meagre remains <strong>of</strong> his lectures<br />

on the Codex, supplemented with rather more from Thalelaeus,<br />

Isidore and Anatolius. 111 To one or other <strong>of</strong> these leading schools must also<br />

100 Ed. van der Wal (1985) 102–37; Liebs (1987) 246–59; and cf. ibid. 259–64.<br />

101 Hänel (1873) 208–17. Cf. Liebs (1987) 269–73.<br />

102 Ed. Arangio-Ruiz, PSI 1182 (CLA 292) 6–17; Levy (1934) 262–4, in the footnotes. Cf. Nelson<br />

(1981) 63f. and Nelson and Manthe (1999) 7–9 and 547,9.<br />

103 Ed. Krüger et al.(1890) 265–82; Huschke et al.(1927) 461–84. Cf. Schulz (1953) 325,6.<br />

104 P.Ryl. 475, 1. 16. Cf. Wenger (1953) 627–8.<br />

105 Ed. Krüger et al.(1890) 288–91, in the footnotes; CLA 1037.<br />

106 Ed. Ferrini (1884–97). Cf. Scheltema (1970) 17–21; Nelson (1981) 267–93; van der Wal and Lokin<br />

(1985) 40f., 125. 107 Cf. Scheltema (1970) 30f.; Scheltema (1966).<br />

108 Ed. Zachariae von Lingenthal (1873) 313–55; cf. Scheltema (1962) 252f.; CLA 513. Collectio ed.<br />

Hänel 1873: 201f.; cf. Liebs 1987: 244–6.<br />

109 Dictatum ed. Hänel (1873) 198–201; cf. Liebs (1987) 235–44. Greek course, ed. Simon et al.(1977).<br />

Latin courses, ed. Hänel (1873) 21–177, 69–146 earlier footnotes (lemmata), 178–84; cf. Scheltema (1970)<br />

47–60; Liebs (1987) 220–34.<br />

110 Wenger (1953) 686; Pieler (1978) 422. Scheltema (1970) 24–30; Simon et al. (1979).<br />

111 Scheltema (1970) 32–42; van der Wal and Lokin (1985) 42–4, 125f. Pieler (1978) 423–4.<br />

<strong>Cambridge</strong> <strong>Hi</strong>stories Online © <strong>Cambridge</strong> University Press, 2008

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