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北京大学英语新闻网/Peking University News China in Urgent Need of Grassroots Innovative Talents Science Times: Nice to see you, President Li. Such wording like innovation is very familiar to us, but people‘s understanding of this word is strikingly different. According to your understanding, what is innovation? What are the basic qualities expected in the innovative talents? Li Peigen: Innovation is demonstrated in many layers in that innovation may occur with people of different backgrounds from the Nobel Laureates to the common technicians. There is the top-notch innovation as reflected in the new knowledge or new theory initiated by the Nobel Laureates as well as the grassroots innovation which is reflected in the following case about Wang Hongjun. Wang is a worker with the FAW-VW Automobile Co., Ltd. and he is one of the 99 winners of the Chinese Youth Scientific Achievement Award this year; Wang is just a graduate from the secondary technical school without college education, but he has made innovations in repairing cars and condensed his practical experience into a book. The innovative talents like Wang Hongjun are in most need in China. The above case indicates that innovation is nothing mysterious because innovation is possible at various posts. It can be concluded from the experience of the Nobel Laureates and the car repairmen that innovation is in essence the fulfillment of something that has not been attempted or fulfilled prior to that very innovation. I have such an opinion that innovation occurs in a pyramid-like pattern. The top-notch contribution by the Nobel Laureates represents the peak of the innovation pyramid below which there are applied inventions, technical innovations and integrated innovations and so forth. And the pyramid pattern holds true for the distribution of the innovative talents: the grassroots innovative talents account for a big proportion while the high-caliber innovative personnel make up a small ratio. The fact is that the Nobel Laureates total slightly over 770 ever since 1901 when the prize was firstly established. It goes without saying that the top-level innovation is significant for a nation‘s development, but the nation‘s overall innovative capacities can‘t rank high if not for a solid foundation constituted by the grassroots innovations. At present China is stuck in a shortage of more than the high-caliber talents since even in terms of grassroots innovations such as the integrated technologies and the common engineering innovations we lag far behind the developed countries, i.e. we are terribly lacking in grassroots innovative talents. There are not definite qualities expected in the innovative talents. Speaking from the angle of college cultivation of innovative talents, qualified graduates from the college should possess the capabilities of adopting appropriate methodology to resolve practical problems in the first place, for instance, in the design of a machine either in 524
北京大学英语新闻网/Peking University News conception or in the complete form the consideration about the techniques goes first. Secondly the graduates should be self-motivated to learn, which is mainly reflected in the abilities to question what it is and resolve the puzzles. They should be able to identify problems in the conventions, question them and put forward feasible solutions to the problems, which necessitates that they engage in active and positive learning from the group members, from real life and the filed practice. Acquisition of knowledge is one thing while the cultivation of capabilities is another and proves very important. Learning to question what it is and developing a way to learn from others‘ failures and so on are equally important. In addition, the team spirit is another essential quality expected among the college graduates. A majority of projects in the avant-garde of science are accomplished through the participants‘ joint efforts. Cooperation may occur not only among students in the same discipline, but also among those from different disciplines. Science Times: In your opinion what are the major constraints on the college cultivation of innovative talents at the current stage? Li Peigen: The constraints are multifold. Take the constraint imposed by the concepts for example: if the college is developed by itself, it is possible that the plans and goals of talent cultivation are not geared to social needs. Besides, the current income distribution system practiced in HEIs presents another major constraint on the cultivation of innovative talents. In terms of the income distribution practiced at colleges, the biggest problem is that the college teachers‘ income is made up of several components including the payment from the state, the bonus from the college, reward for scientific researches as well as the legal income from other sources. If such a situation is allowed to go on, serious problems may ensue. A prominent phenomenon is that in recent years the expenditure on scientific research in many units has increased a few folds whereas the yields from the corresponding research projects register little progress and in worse cases the innovative elements are on the decline. It gives little cause for criticism that the professors and researchers at HEIs apply to conduct more research projects with a view of increasing their income, but the fact remains that everyone‘s energy is limited, i.e., with many projects on hand, it will be hard for the professors or researchers to focus on a specific field or a certain project. Such an income distribution pattern is responsible for the insufficient devotion to teaching on the part of the teachers, which is evidently not favorable to the cultivation of innovative talents. To resolve such a problem is beyond the power of a single higher education institution, in other words, such problems are to be addressed only by the government based on all-round research and systematic decision-making. Stress on Active and Innovative Practice 525
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