SEMNAS Hortikultura Buku 2 - Departemen Pertanian

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Application of Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers in Relation to String Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yield and Soil-Borne Pathogen Mulyadi, Pustika, A. B. and Iswadi, A Verticillium and Thielaviopsis and various nematodes by AM fungal colonization of the plant root. Slezack et al. (1999) also reported that A. euteiches infection could be suppressed by Glomus fasciculatum AM. Until now, several potential mechanisms have been described concerning bioprotection by AM fungi, including improvement of plant nutrition, damage compensation, competition for photosynthates, competition for colonization or infection sites, anatomical or morphological modifications of the root system, induction of changes in mycorrhizosphere microbial populations, are cell wall modifications, enhancement of secondary metabolism, and accumulation of proteins including pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. It has been suggested that AM symbiosis could predispose the plant to respond more rapidly to pathogenic attacks of the roots (Gianinazzi, et al., 1992). In a time-course study of the symbiotic interaction between bean roots and G. mosseae and Fusarium solani, covering all stages of mycorrhiza development, Mohr et al. (1998) detected a changing of the expression of the defense-related genes chitinase, -1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase compared with non-mycorrhizal control roots. The Effect of Bio-fertilizers on Soil borne Pathogens Inoculums Fusarium spp. and Ralstonia spp. are well known as the common soil borne pathogens that can cause wilt disease on most plants. Therefore, decreasing of the inoculums population of those soil borne pathogens will be potential to reduce wilt disease attack on the plants. During the string bean cultivation period, it has been observed on the population change of the two soil borne pathogens and the results as presented in Table 5. Table 5. The change of Fusarium spp. and Ralstonia spp. in the soil before and after applying biofertilizer during string bean cultivation period Biofertilizer Treatment Fusarium spp. Inoculums (cfu/g of soil) Ralstonia spp. Inoculums (cfu/g of soil) Before At Harvest Reduction Before At Harvest Increasing Planting Planting E1 14.999 0.111 14.889 a 8.333 8.667 0.334 E2 21.111 1.667 19.444 a 6.222 7.444 1.222 MU 8.000 0.889 7.111 b 4.222 6.000 1.778 MC 21.555 1.667 19.888 a 5.889 9.778 3.889 Control 18.667 14.778 3.889 b 6.111 13.333 7.222 Remark: * reduction or increasing population based on early value before planting The result in Table 5 indicated that during the string bean cultivation period, there was significant reduction on Fusarium spp. inoculums in the soil treated with the bio-fertilizers. The decreasing of Fusarium spp. inoculums as a result of E1, E2 and MC application was significantly higher than MU and Control during string bean cultivation period. In contrast, microbial consisted in the three bio-fertilizers could not reduce the inoculums of Ralstonia spp. It has been suggested that AM symbiosis could not predispose the plant to respond pathogenic bacterial attacks of the roots because there were no competition for colonization or infection sites between microbial fungi (biofertilizer) applied and pathogenic bacterial in soil. In spite of no infection site competition, it has been suggested that the defence-related genes chitinase, -1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase produced by mycorrhizal roots (Mohr et al., 1998) was failed to be worked against bacterial inoculums which do not have chitin as much as pathogenic fungi (Goodman et al., 1986). CONCLUSIONS Application of N, P, and K source chemical fertilizers with the rate of 23 kg N + 54 kg P 2 O 5 +60 kg K 2 O/ha (100 kg of Urea+150 kg of SP36+100 kg of MOP/ha) could increase the pod yield of string bean planted on the soil developing from volcanic sediment in the medium altitude land while addition of bio-fertilizers tested in this research did not influence to the crop yield. The application of tested bio-fertilizers (Emas, MU and MycoApplyTM Micronized endo) has potential effect in suppressing Fusarium spp. inoculum in the soil during string bean cultivation period but they could not suppress to Ralstonia spp. inoculum. Emas, MU and MycoApplyTM 96│ Prosiding SeminarNasional Pekan Inovasi Teknologi Hortikultura Nasional: Penerapan Inovasi Teknologi Hortikultura dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Hortikultura yang Berdaya Saing dan Berbasis Sumberdaya Genetik Lokal, Lembang, 5 Juli 2012
Application of Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers in Relation to String Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yield and Soil-Borne Pathogen Mulyadi, Pustika, A. B. and Iswadi, A Micronized endo were bio-fertilizers that had potential capability to suppress wilt disease intensity on string bean. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the Agricultural and Forestry Service, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region for the financial support to this study. REFERENCES 1. Bagyaraj, D.J. 1990 Biological interaction between VA mycorrhizhal fungi and other beneficial soil organisms. Dalam: Jalali & H. Chad (Eds.) Current Trend in Mycorrhizal Research Tata Energy Res Inst., India pp 76-77. 2. Balai Penelitian Tanah. 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Balai Penelitian Tanah, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Deptan. 3. Barber, S. A. 1985. Potassium availability at the soil-root interface and factors influencing potassium uptake. p. 309-324 In R. D. Munson (ed.) Potassium in agriculture. ASA-CSSA- SSSA, Madison, WI. 4. Bolan N.S. 1991. critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants. Plant and Soil 134: 189-207. 5. Gaur A.C. & J.P.S. Rana. 1990. Role of VA Mycorrhizha, phosphate solubilizing microorganism and their interaction on growth and uptake of nutrients by wheat crops. Dalam: Jalali & H. Chad (Eds.) Current Trend in Mycorrhizal Research Tata Energy Res Inst., India pp 105-106. 6. Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Tahiri-Alaoui A, Antoniw JF, Gianinazzi S, Dumas E. 1992. Weak expression of the pathogenesis related PR-b1 gene and localization of the related protein during symbiotic endomycorrhizal interactions in tobacco roots. Endocytobiosis 8: 177–185. 7. Goodman, R.N., Kiraly, Z. and Wood, K.R. 1986. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Disease. University of Missouri. Columbia. 433 p. 8. Harrier, L.A. & C.A. Watson. 2004. The potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the bioprotection of plants against soil-borne pathogens in organic and/or other sustainable farming systems. Pest Management Science Vol 60 Issue 2 149-157.2004. Paper from the Scottish Agricultural College. 9. Kabirun, S. & J. Widada, 1995. Response of soybean grown on acid soil to innoculation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Biotrop Spec. Publ.No.56:131-137. Biology and Biotechnology of Mycorrhizae. 10. Mohr, U., J. Lange, T.Boller, A.. Wiemken & R. Vogeli-Lange. 1998. Plant defence genes are induced in the pathogenic interaction between bean roots and Fusarium solani, but not in the symbiotic interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. The New Phytologist Volume 138 Issue 4 Page 589 - April 1998. 11. Plaster, E. J. 1997. Soil Science and Management. Delmar Publisher. New York, USA. 402 p. 12. SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS User’s Guides: statistic, version 5 edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. 956 p. 13. Simanungkalit R.D.M. . Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati dan Pupuk Kimia; Suatu Pendekatan Terpadu. Buletin AgroBio 4(2):56-61. 14. Slezack, S., E.D. Gaudot, S. Rosendahl, R. Kjoller, M. Paynot, J. Negrel, and S. Gianinazzi. 1999. Endoproteolytic activities in pea roots inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and\or Aphanomyces euteiches in relation to bioprotection. New Phytol. 142, 517–529. 15. Tisdale, S. L., W. L. Nelson, J. D. Beaton and J. L. Havlin. 1993. Soil fertility and fertilizers, 5th ed. MacMillian Publishing Company Inc., New York, USA. 634 p. Prosiding SeminarNasional Pekan Inovasi Teknologi Hortikultura Nasional: Penerapan Inovasi Teknologi Hortikultura dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Hortikultura yang Berdaya Saing dan Berbasis Sumberdaya Genetik Lokal, Lembang, 5 Juli 2012 │97
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c BUKU 2
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Kata Pengantar KATA PENGANTAR Denga
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DAFTAR ISI Bagian 1. Pemuliaan dan
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terhadap Iradiasi Gamma (Indarwatmi
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BAGIAN 1. PEMULIAAN DAN TEKNOLOGI B
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Seleksi Delapan Progeni Kentang Tah
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Uji Daya Hasil 11 Galur Bawang Mera
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Studi Persilangan Tiga Varietas Str
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Seleksi Galur Kentang Hasil Persila
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Evaluasi Daya Hasil 4 Varietas Stro
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Induksi Pembentukan Embrio Somatik
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Pengkajian Efisiensi Pemakaian Air
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Uji Adaptasi Beberapa Klon Kentang
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Kajian Penerapan Teknologi Berbasis
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Sistem Irigasi Berbahan Gerabah pad
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Tingkat Serapan NPK 6 Varietas Bata
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Penambahan Pupuk K dalam Upaya Meni
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Pengaruh Media Tumbuh dan Pemupukan
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Aspek Ekonomi Pengendalian Ramah Li
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Validasi Metode Deteksi Bakteri Xan
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Solarisasu Tanah untuk Menurunkan P
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Kelimpahan Arthropoda Tanah dan Tin
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Pemakaian Pestisida Karbamat dan Re
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Residu Pestisida Organoklorin pada
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Identifikasi Jamur Patogen pada Tan
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Uji Formulasi Vesicular Arbuscular
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Seleksi Formulasi Media Cair bagi P
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Studi Biologi Kutu Sisik Lepidosaph
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Ketahanan Kutu Putih Dysmicoccus ne
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Control of Moler Disease (Fusarium
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Plant Height (cm) Control of Moler
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Amount of seed lot (seeds) Control
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Pengaruh Pengendalian Hayati terhad
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Studi Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit
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Deteksi dan Identifikasi Chrysanthe
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Pengaruh Larutan Perendaman dan Jen
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Stabilitas Warna Saribuah Belimbing
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Kharakteristik Beberapa Jenis Buah
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Pelapisan Lilin Sebagai Upaya Mempe
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Pengaruh Jenis Larutan Perendaman u
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Kadar Tanin (%) Pengaruh Jenis Laru
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Vitamin C (mg/100 g bhn) Pengaruh J
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Pengaruh Jenis Larutan Perendaman u
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Karasteristik Fisik dan Kimia Puree
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Karasteristik Fisik dan Kimia Puree
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BAGIAN 5. SOSIAL EKONOMI Prosiding
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Keragaan Teknologi Jeruk Siam di Ti
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Peluang Pengembngan Sayuran Menuju
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Respon Petani dalam Pemanfaatan Air
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Identifikasi Masalah Teknologi Prod
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Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Petani Mel
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Karakeristik Ekonomi Produksi Anggu
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LAMPIRAN Prosiding SeminarNasional
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No Nama Peserta Instansi 43 Juniart
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No Nama Peserta Instansi 131 Yosi Z
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SEMNAS Hortikultura Buku 2 - Departemen Pertanian

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