SEMNAS Hortikultura Buku 2 - Departemen Pertanian

Control of Moler Disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) on Shallot Using Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp.
Pustika, A B, Iswadi, A, Fibrianty, and Sutarno
Moorhouse, 1989). Gliotoxin is antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antitumor activity. It also
interferes with phagocytic cells, and is immunosuppressive (Taylor, 1986).
Several reports have been published on biological control of P. ultimum, and R. solani on
potato and ornamental crops, also Sclerotium rolfsii in tomatoes and carrots (Lumsden et al., 1996 and
Ristaino, et al., 1994). Additionally, preliminary results have shown that seed treatment with
Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp. reduced damping-off in corn caused by combination of P.
ultimum, P. arrhenomones and F. graminearum both in greenhouse and field trials.
Therefore, the utility and development of Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp. for controlling
moler, a shallot soilborne pathogen at the field scale is abviously expected and are needed to be
observed.
METHOD
The preliminary research was conducted at coastal area, Karangsewu Village, Galur District,
Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province. Shallot was planted at the field based on
Randomized Completely Block Design and consists of ten treatments and three replications. Each
treatment was applied at 3m x 4m plot. The treatments are controls of moler disease with: A).
Application of 12 gram per plot of Trichoderma sp. at planting, B). Application of 12 gram per plot of
Gliocladium sp. at planting, C). Application of 12 gram per plot of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium
sp. at planting, D). Application of 600 gram per plot of Lime at planting, E). Application of 12 gram
per plot of Trichoderma sp. twice (at planting and 19 days after planting), F). Application of 12 gram
per plot of Gliocladium sp. twice (at planting and 19 days after planting), G). Application of 12 gram
per plot of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. twice (at planting and 19 days after planting), H).
Application of 600 gram per plot of lime twice (at planting and 19 days after planting), I).
Difenonokonazol fungicide application (0.5 ml per liter per plot) once in two weeks, 10). Application
of propineb fungicide (2 gram per liter per plot) once in two weeks. The antagonist fungi,
Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. in 10 6 -10 9 spores per gram were mixed first with organic
fertilizer then spread thoroughly to the soil. Soil watering was conducted after spreading the antagonist
fungi to expect a proper humidity condition for antagonist fungi growth and development in soil. Lime
also was applied to the soil, while chemical fungicides were sprayed to the plants early morning. Plant
height and disease intensity were observed fortnightly, while shallot production was observed after
harvesting. Duncan 5% was used for further analysis.
The survey research on the developed use of Trichoderma sp. as antagonist fungi in the different
area of shallot (Bantul Regency) in Yogyakarta Special Province was conducted in Dry Season with
fifteen replications of Trichoderma area and non-Trichoderma area. Each area was represented by 4 m
x 20 m plot that was replicated by fifteen. Disease intensity was observed fortnightly. T-test 5% was
used for further analysis.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Preliminary research in Kulonprogo Regency
In the preliminary research in Kulonprogo Regency, the development of moler symptom at each
treatment plot is shown at Figure 1 and Table 1. Percentage of plants showing moler symptom are not
different among treatments at 14 days after planting (P>0.05). Meanwhile, at 28 and 42 days after
planting, the percentage at difenokonazol and propineb (chemical pesticides) treatment is significantly
higher, 6.24% and 6.35% at 28 days after planting and 7.94% and 7.72% at 42 days after planting,
respectively, compare to other treatments (P0.05).
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Prosiding SeminarNasional Pekan Inovasi Teknologi Hortikultura Nasional: Penerapan Inovasi Teknologi Hortikultura
dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Hortikultura yang Berdaya Saing dan Berbasis Sumberdaya Genetik Lokal,
Lembang, 5 Juli 2012