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inostrani kapital kao faktor razvoja zemalja - Ekonomski fakultet u ...

inostrani kapital kao faktor razvoja zemalja - Ekonomski fakultet u ...

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Prof. dr Ljubinka Joksimović ∗<br />

SPILLOVERI STRANIH DIREKTNIH INVESTICIJA I<br />

RAZVOJ LJUDSKOG KAPITALA: TRANZICIONE<br />

EKONOMIJE I SRBIJA<br />

Rezime: Sposobnost nacionalne privrede da razvija svoju tehnološku<br />

spremnost/sposobnost i koristi svoj potencijal za inovacije jeste ključni <strong>faktor</strong> za dugoročni<br />

ekonomski rast i konkurentnost. U poslednjem izveštaju Globalnog Indeksa Konkurentnosti<br />

(GIK) Srbija je dobila niske ocene za ove stubove konkurentnosti. U radu se ispituje kako i<br />

koliko spilloveri stranih direktnih investicija mogu da pomognu Srbiji u ovoj oblasti. Kako<br />

je jedan od najznačajnijih aspekata potencijalnih pozitivnih spillovera onaj koji je povezan<br />

sa razvojem ljudskog <strong>kapital</strong>a, date su ocene direktnih i indirektnih efekata stranih<br />

direktnih investicija na razvoj ljudskog <strong>kapital</strong>a, generalno za tranzicione ekonomije i<br />

Srbiju posebno.<br />

Dobijeni preliminarni nalazi o malim efektima, pa i odsustvu spillovera na razvoj<br />

ljudskog <strong>kapital</strong>a i domaće firme objašnjeni su tipom aktivnosti stranih filijala i niskim<br />

apsorpcionim kapacitetima domaćih firmi.<br />

Ključne reči: strane direktne investicije, spilloveri, ljudski <strong>kapital</strong>, znanje,<br />

apsorpcioni kapacitet<br />

SPILLOVERS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF<br />

HUMAN CAPITAL: TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES AND SERBIA<br />

Abstract: The capacity of national economy to develop its technological<br />

readiness/capability and uses its potential for innovations is essential for the long term<br />

economic growth and competitiveness. Serbia has gotten low grades for these pillars of<br />

competitiveness in the last report of Global Index of Competitiveness (GIC). The paper<br />

examines how and how much spillovers of foreign direct investment can help to Serbia in<br />

this area. As one of the most important aspects of potentially positive spillovers is the one<br />

that relates to the development of human capital, the paper provides the assessments of<br />

direct and indirect effects of foreign direct investment on the development of human capital<br />

for transition economies generally and for Serbia especially.<br />

Given preliminary findings of low effects, even if the absence of spillovers to the<br />

development of human capital and domestic firms are explained by type of foreign<br />

affiliates’ activity and low level of absorptive capacity of domestic firms.<br />

Key words: Foreign direct investment, spillovers, human capital, knowledge,<br />

absorptive capacity.<br />

∗ <strong>Ekonomski</strong> <strong>fakultet</strong>, Beograd<br />

77

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