Handbook of the History of Logic: - Fordham University Faculty

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viii Preface It remains to be seen whether, on the score of intellectual power, methodological rigour and conceptual inventiveness, the present-day pre-eminence of logic will extend its reign another three hundred and twenty-five years. However we reckon the probabilities, suffice to say that if the longevity of mediaeval logic is indeed bested by our descendants, that will have been an accomplishment of supreme importance in the annals of human intellectual effort. Once again the Editors are deeply and most gratefully in the debt of the volume’s superb authors. The Editors also warmly thank the following persons: Professor Margaret Schabas, Head of the Philosophy Department and Professor Nancy Gallini, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, at the University of British Columbia; Professor Michael Stingl, Chair of the Philosophy Department and Christopher Nicol, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science, at the University of Lethbridge; Jane Spurr, Publications Administrator in London; Carol Woods, Production Associate in Vancouver, and our colleagues at Elsevier, Senior Acquisitions Editor, Lauren Schultz and Mara Vos-Sarmiento, Development Editor. For their excellent advice and support the Editors also owe a special debt of gratitude to Martin Tweedale, Stephen Read, Jennifer Ashworth, Henrik Lagerlund and John Marenbon. Dov M. Gabbay King’s College London John Woods University of British Columbia and King’s College London and University of Lethbridge
E. Jennifer Ashworth University of Waterloo, Canada. ejashwor@watarts.uwaterloo.ca CONTRIBUTORS Catarina Dutilh Novaes University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. cdutilhnovaes@yahoo.com Petr Dvoˇrák Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic. peterdvorak99@gmail.com Dov M. Gabbay King’s College London, UK. dov.gabbay@kcl.ac.uk Gyula Klima Fordham University, USA. klima@fordham.edu Simo Knuuttila University of Helsinki, Finland. simo.knuuttila@helsinki.fi Henrik Lagerlund The University of Western Ontario, Canada. hlagerlu@uwo.ca Ria van der Lecq University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ria.vanderlecq@phil.uu.nl John Marenbon Trinity College, Cambridge, UK. jm258@cam.ac.uk
Page 1: Handbook of the History of Logic: M
Page 4 and 5: 4 Medieval Modal Theories and Modal
Page 8 and 9: x Terence Parsons University of Cal
Page 10 and 11: 2 John Marenbon which was new; the
Page 12 and 13: 4 John Marenbon using numbers as pr
Page 14 and 15: 6 John Marenbon excusing himself fo
Page 16 and 17: 8 John Marenbon translation, and he
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Page 20 and 21: 12 John Marenbon tingent. One way o
Page 22 and 23: 14 John Marenbon in fact exist apar
Page 24 and 25: 16 John Marenbon and those using
Page 26 and 27: 18 John Marenbon inherited, trying
Page 28 and 29: 20 John Marenbon that is to say, th
Page 30 and 31: 22 John Marenbon and other material
Page 32 and 33: 24 John Marenbon manuscripts [Arist
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Page 36 and 37: 28 John Marenbon possibility that t
Page 38 and 39: 30 John Marenbon so it does seem li
Page 40 and 41: 32 John Marenbon of substance or es
Page 42 and 43: 34 John Marenbon it is certainly op
Page 44 and 45: 36 John Marenbon it presents itself
Page 46 and 47: 38 John Marenbon 4 THE DEVELOPMENT
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48 John Marenbon of the relationshi
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50 John Marenbon mother of Christ,
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52 John Marenbon and Boethius’s v
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54 John Marenbon (for w) as a word
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56 John Marenbon and his followers
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58 John Marenbon [Aristotle, 1966]
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60 John Marenbon [Green-Pedersen, 1
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62 John Marenbon [Martin, 1991] C.
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LOGIC AT THE TURN OF THE TWELFTH CE
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Logic at the Turn of the Twelfth Ce
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84 Ian Wilks question. 2 And second
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86 Ian Wilks are these items corres
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88 Ian Wilks pertain to the form pr
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90 Ian Wilks standings of universal
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92 Ian Wilks one characteristic whi
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94 Ian Wilks understandings they ge
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96 Ian Wilks and further discussion
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98 Ian Wilks mental acts; general t
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100 Ian Wilks 1998a, p. 175]; he ca
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102 Ian Wilks fail to achieve propo
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104 Ian Wilks be something for the
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106 Ian Wilks Whatever philosophica
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108 Ian Wilks Abelard’s preferenc
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110 Ian Wilks to represent the cont
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112 Ian Wilks bial construal of the
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114 Ian Wilks nal plus the three ne
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116 Ian Wilks these persons, and no
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118 Ian Wilks tents in the first fi
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120 Ian Wilks minor which then diff
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122 Ian Wilks supply these criteria
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124 Ian Wilks by this tendency. He
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126 Ian Wilks firm as genuine entai
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128 Ian Wilks between the anteceden
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130 Ian Wilks (extensionally) “eq
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132 Ian Wilks as appropriate for to
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134 Ian Wilks conditions under whic
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136 Ian Wilks am not an animal, I a
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138 Ian Wilks [Abelard, 1970, p. 49
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140 Ian Wilks catalogue of such pat
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142 Ian Wilks itself. The relations
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144 Ian Wilks The problem with this
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146 Ian Wilks Another Abelardian th
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148 Ian Wilks This indeed is the ap
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150 Ian Wilks commonplace in the tw
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152 Ian Wilks BIBLIOGRAPHY “[Abel
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154 Ian Wilks [Green-Pedersen, 1984
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156 Ian Wilks [Rosier-Catach, 1999]
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158 Terence Parsons Medieval author
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160 Terence Parsons “Some categor
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162 Terence Parsons Every A is B co
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164 Terence Parsons true. This may
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166 Terence Parsons Figure 1 (ch 4)
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168 Terence Parsons 1.7 Quantifying
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170 Terence Parsons Every A is B Ev
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172 Terence Parsons In modern logic
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174 Terence Parsons The purpose of
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176 Terence Parsons 2.3 Extending t
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178 Terence Parsons Infinitizing ne
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180 Terence Parsons that is not a m
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182 Terence Parsons rule says that
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184 Terence Parsons The parasitic t
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186 Terence Parsons For example,
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188 Terence Parsons a term in a pro
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190 Terence Parsons signify the sam
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192 Terence Parsons this is what Oc
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194 Terence Parsons example, person
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196 Terence Parsons He continues wi
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198 Terence Parsons Since Sherwood
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200 Terence Parsons William says th
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202 Terence Parsons The term ‘thi
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204 Terence Parsons proposition (fo
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206 Terence Parsons makes no differ
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208 Terence Parsons A bishop was gr
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210 Terence Parsons a natural intui
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212 Terence Parsons In both of thes
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214 Terence Parsons The subject is
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216 Terence Parsons I believe that
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218 Terence Parsons neither should
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220 Terence Parsons 6.3 I promise y
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222 Terence Parsons 7 MODES OF SUPP
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224 Terence Parsons that result due
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226 Terence Parsons Personal suppos
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228 Terence Parsons supposition whe
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230 Terence Parsons the predicates
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232 Terence Parsons 7.4 Locality Sh
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234 Terence Parsons [D] a distribut
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236 Terence Parsons sally. But a un
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238 Terence Parsons 7.6 Rules of In
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240 Terence Parsons The premise is
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242 Terence Parsons is similar to a
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244 Terence Parsons Every donkey is
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246 Terence Parsons one may descend
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248 Terence Parsons mode of supposi
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250 Terence Parsons above, allowed
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252 Terence Parsons if the term is
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254 Terence Parsons 8.5 Modes cause
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256 Terence Parsons understand ‘t
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258 Terence Parsons The reverse pri
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260 Terence Parsons mode of supposi
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262 Terence Parsons to formulate a
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264 Terence Parsons some P can alwa
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266 Terence Parsons Still other aut
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268 Terence Parsons Determinate: Ex
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270 Terence Parsons DEFAULT: A main
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272 Terence Parsons Change every ma
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274 Terence Parsons other modes can
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276 Terence Parsons Therefore, ‘d
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278 Terence Parsons [Dineen, 1990]
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280 Terence Parsons [Spade, 1988] P
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282 Henrik Lagerlund and references
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284 Henrik Lagerlund never very con
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286 Henrik Lagerlund present in Al-
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288 Henrik Lagerlund term is hence
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290 Henrik Lagerlund He notes furth
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292 Henrik Lagerlund (3.1.21) ‘Ev
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294 Henrik Lagerlund These five dif
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296 Henrik Lagerlund There are thre
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298 Henrik Lagerlund There is also
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300 Henrik Lagerlund about differen
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302 Henrik Lagerlund Such propositi
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304 Henrik Lagerlund He says that a
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306 Henrik Lagerlund matter. If the
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308 Henrik Lagerlund from the early
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310 Henrik Lagerlund Kilwardby. Nec
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312 Henrik Lagerlund Instead Boethi
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314 Henrik Lagerlund way that one l
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316 Henrik Lagerlund This definitio
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318 Henrik Lagerlund natural (or ne
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320 Henrik Lagerlund would make the
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322 Henrik Lagerlund On Predicables
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324 Henrik Lagerlund of their predi
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326 Henrik Lagerlund nowadays sort
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328 Henrik Lagerlund III. Every B i
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330 Henrik Lagerlund XIV. Every B i
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332 Henrik Lagerlund the conclusion
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334 Henrik Lagerlund (1) Differenti
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336 Henrik Lagerlund On Supposition
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338 Henrik Lagerlund On Fallacies T
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340 Henrik Lagerlund (5) ‘Both’
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342 Henrik Lagerlund substance ‘S
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344 Henrik Lagerlund [Averroes, 196
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346 Henrik Lagerlund [Patterson, 19
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348 Ria van der Lecq signification.
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350 Ria van der Lecq intellectus (c
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352 Ria van der Lecq the mind, extr
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354 Ria van der Lecq everyone, they
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356 Ria van der Lecq other words, t
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358 Ria van der Lecq term represent
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360 Ria van der Lecq nature of a sp
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362 Ria van der Lecq about men in t
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364 Ria van der Lecq The second opi
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366 Ria van der Lecq Both refer to
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368 Ria van der Lecq first mode tha
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370 Ria van der Lecq that is not th
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372 Ria van der Lecq the second hal
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374 Ria van der Lecq ‘second inte
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376 Ria van der Lecq the intellect
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378 Ria van der Lecq or ‘horsenes
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380 Ria van der Lecq that are real
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382 Ria van der Lecq it. 176 And wh
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384 Ria van der Lecq significance.
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386 Ria van der Lecq [Bacon, 1988]
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388 Ria van der Lecq [Rosier, 1983]
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390 Gyula Klima relations between l
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392 Gyula Klima regarded as attempt
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394 Gyula Klima . . . it is essenti
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396 Gyula Klima are supposed to be
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398 Gyula Klima m at t, namely, the
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400 Gyula Klima stead, representing
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402 Gyula Klima it is a substantial
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404 Gyula Klima of various ontologi
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406 Gyula Klima committed to positi
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408 Gyula Klima terance and knowing
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410 Gyula Klima does not have to me
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412 Gyula Klima namely, those to wh
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414 Gyula Klima Concepts and mental
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416 Gyula Klima signify all their s
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418 Gyula Klima provided they are n
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420 Gyula Klima So, when we say tha
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422 Gyula Klima context, the condit
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424 Gyula Klima semantic closure (i
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426 Gyula Klima a given situation i
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428 Gyula Klima This simple modific
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430 Gyula Klima in which the object
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LOGICINTHE14 th CENTURY AFTER OCKHA
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Logic in the 14 th Century after Oc
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1.2 A survey of the traditions Logi
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elsewhere, in particular in Italy.
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Some A is B (1) Every A is B (3) Lo
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it is still by and large murky terr
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MEDIEVAL MODAL THEORIES AND MODAL L
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Medieval Modal Theories and Modal L
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1.7 Essentialist Assumptions Mediev
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(10) Ex(Fx & ♦(Fx & Gx)) (11) Ex(
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(31) (p → Oq) & − L(p → q). M
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TREATMENTS OF THE PARADOXES OF SELF
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Treatments of the Paradoxes of Self
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Proof. Treatments of the Paradoxes
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DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIFTEENTH AND S
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Developments in the Fifteenth and S
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646 Petr Dvoˇrák 2 CARAMUEL’S L
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648 Petr Dvoˇrák ter characterist
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650 Petr Dvoˇrák ad extra as some
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652 Petr Dvoˇrák equivalences (wh
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654 Petr Dvoˇrák the two provided
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656 Petr Dvoˇrák that of arectisa
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658 Petr Dvoˇrák view of relation
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660 Petr Dvoˇrák In dealing with
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662 Petr Dvoˇrák As has been said
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664 Petr Dvoˇrák Things, which ar
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PORT ROYAL: THE STIRRINGS OF MODERN
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Port Royal: The Stirrings of Modern
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702 appellata, 416 appellation, 188
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704 Cassiodorus, 1, 2, 5, 22, 25 In
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706 determinate modality, 114 deter
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708 clear and distinct, 671 identir
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710 material essence realism, 86 Ma
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712 antiqua responsio, 440 nova res
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714 484, 552-556, 559 pseudo-Scotus
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716 narrow distributive, 267-276 pe
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718 Wyclif, J., 441, 442, 450, 452,
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