Handbook of the History of Logic: - Fordham University Faculty

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710 material essence realism, 86 Maulevelt, T., 444, 454, 455 Maulfelt, T., 266 maximul proposition, 122 Maximus the Confessor, 30, 32 meaning grammatical vs. semantic, 354 mecessotu what nature demands, 521 mediate conditional, 141 medieval curriculum, 433 Meiser, C., 505 Melanchthon, P., 627, 632, 638, 640– 641 Melidunenses or Robertini, 142 mental concept, 193, 219 mental imaging, 89 mental language, 189, 190, 192, 415 mental propositions, 190, 216 mental word, 198, 352 Merton College, 435, 438, 439 meta-language, 418, 424, 429 metalogic, 645, 647–649 metaphysics, 517, 521–522, 540, 542, 550 method, 638 scientific, 615–616, 638 middle term, 119, 165 Migne, J. P., 564 Migne, J.-P., 505 Mignucci, M., 508, 525, 526 Minio-Paluello, L., 38, 505, 520 minor premise, 165 mobile, 231, 232, 234, 262, 267 mobility, 232, 233, 237, 241, 249–250 modal propoistion equipollences and oppositions, 552 structure, 553 modal proposition de dicto and de re (compound and divided), 532–539 de dicto and de re, 520 de dicto and de re (compound and diided), 542–544 de dicto and de re (compound and divided), 512 per se vs. per accidens, 537–539 conversion, 538–544, 554, 554 − −556 determinate vs. simple, 537 equipollences and oppoistions, 555 equipollences and oppositions, 531– 532, 567 modal matter, 553, 507 −−554 restricted vs. unrestricted, 554– 559 singular, 555 structure, 535, 540, 558 temporal determination, 536–538 modal propositions, 211–214, 434 modal syllogism, 119 modal syllogistics, 537, 544–548, 551 modal terms adverbial, 533–535 ampliation, 506, 536, 540–541, 546 categorematic, 535 impersonal, 524 nominal, 533–535 syncategorematic, 535 modal words, 204 modality, 231 as alterativeness, 568–569 as alternativeness, 517–518, 523, 521− −536 as alternatives, 507 diachronic, 516–517, 569 divine, 506, 518, 517 −−521, 568 extensional interpretation, 507, 507− −513 frequencey(statistical) interpretation, 543 frequency (statistical) interpretation, 509–510, 512–513, 517, 567 impersonal, 534 potency model, 513–516, 567 temporal, 516–517, 536–538
mode of signifiying, 354 mode of signifying, 353 modes of being, 355, 376 modes of equivocation, 367 modes of personal supposition, 401 modes of signifying, 368 modes of understanding, 355 modesof signifying (modi significandi), 355 Modists, 353, 376 modus essendi, 354 modus intelligendi, 354 modus significandi, 354 Mojsisch, B., 538 molecular proposition, 172 molecular propositions, 170 Mondadori, F., 528 Montani or Albricani, 142 mood, 127 Moody, E. A., 679 Moore, P. S., 522 moral logic, 645, 650, 651, 653 MS Cologne Dombibliothek 191, 37 MS Milan Ambrosiana B71, 35 MS Orleans Bib, 38 MS Paris BN 12949, 35, 36 MS Paris BN 2788, 37 MS Paris BNF n. acq. lat, 38 MS Saint Gall 274, 36 Mugnai, M., 525, 552 name, 120 natural sign, 359, 360 natural signs, 359 nature, 127 necessity, 104 per se vs. per accidens, 512, 529, 538–540, 543–546 conditional, 511, 528, 537 determinate vs. simple, 537 natural, 518 necessary (natural) matter, 509, 507− −545 relative, 556–557 711 simple, 511, 523, 528, 537, 556– 558 temporal, 511, 556 necessity of the past, 522, 525, 527 necessity of the present, 511, 516– 517, 523, 525–528, 543, 548– 549 negating negation, 177, 178 negation, 414, 461–464, 675 negative, 159, 160, 164, 178, 179 negative proposition, 188 particular, 188 universal, 188 negative propositions, 681, 682 New Logic, 158 Nicole, P., 165, 667–698 Nielsen, L. O., 528 Nifo, A., 615, 632, 641–642 Nifo, A¿, 617 nominal definition, 191 nominal definitions, 192 nominal mode, 111 Nominales, 142 nominales, 522–523 nominalist ontology, 390 nominative, 177, 184 non-existence, 405, 409 non-extensional contexts, 197, 215– 221 non-relational nouns, 183 non-thing, 217 Normore, C., 526, 551, 552 Notker Labeo, 39–40 Notker of St Gall, 39 Nuchelmans, G., 508, 522 number, 190 O’Donnell, J. ., 536 Obertello, L., 505 object language, 424, 429 object-language, 418 objective being, 380, 382 objective contents of thought, 384 obligations, 484
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Handbook of the History of Logic: M
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4 Medieval Modal Theories and Modal
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viii Preface It remains to be seen
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x Terence Parsons University of Cal
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2 John Marenbon which was new; the
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4 John Marenbon using numbers as pr
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6 John Marenbon excusing himself fo
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8 John Marenbon translation, and he
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10 John Marenbon contemporaries, to
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12 John Marenbon tingent. One way o
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14 John Marenbon in fact exist apar
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16 John Marenbon and those using
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18 John Marenbon inherited, trying
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20 John Marenbon that is to say, th
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22 John Marenbon and other material
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24 John Marenbon manuscripts [Arist
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26 John Marenbon gin shortly after
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28 John Marenbon possibility that t
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30 John Marenbon so it does seem li
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32 John Marenbon of substance or es
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34 John Marenbon it is certainly op
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36 John Marenbon it presents itself
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38 John Marenbon 4 THE DEVELOPMENT
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40 John Marenbon For day and light
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42 John Marenbon not, then, just a
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44 John Marenbon longer perform the
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46 John Marenbon position, but to a
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48 John Marenbon of the relationshi
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50 John Marenbon mother of Christ,
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52 John Marenbon and Boethius’s v
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54 John Marenbon (for w) as a word
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56 John Marenbon and his followers
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58 John Marenbon [Aristotle, 1966]
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60 John Marenbon [Green-Pedersen, 1
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62 John Marenbon [Martin, 1991] C.
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LOGIC AT THE TURN OF THE TWELFTH CE
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Logic at the Turn of the Twelfth Ce
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84 Ian Wilks question. 2 And second
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86 Ian Wilks are these items corres
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88 Ian Wilks pertain to the form pr
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90 Ian Wilks standings of universal
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92 Ian Wilks one characteristic whi
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94 Ian Wilks understandings they ge
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96 Ian Wilks and further discussion
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98 Ian Wilks mental acts; general t
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100 Ian Wilks 1998a, p. 175]; he ca
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102 Ian Wilks fail to achieve propo
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104 Ian Wilks be something for the
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106 Ian Wilks Whatever philosophica
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108 Ian Wilks Abelard’s preferenc
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110 Ian Wilks to represent the cont
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112 Ian Wilks bial construal of the
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114 Ian Wilks nal plus the three ne
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116 Ian Wilks these persons, and no
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118 Ian Wilks tents in the first fi
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120 Ian Wilks minor which then diff
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122 Ian Wilks supply these criteria
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124 Ian Wilks by this tendency. He
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126 Ian Wilks firm as genuine entai
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128 Ian Wilks between the anteceden
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130 Ian Wilks (extensionally) “eq
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132 Ian Wilks as appropriate for to
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134 Ian Wilks conditions under whic
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136 Ian Wilks am not an animal, I a
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138 Ian Wilks [Abelard, 1970, p. 49
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140 Ian Wilks catalogue of such pat
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142 Ian Wilks itself. The relations
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144 Ian Wilks The problem with this
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146 Ian Wilks Another Abelardian th
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148 Ian Wilks This indeed is the ap
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150 Ian Wilks commonplace in the tw
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152 Ian Wilks BIBLIOGRAPHY “[Abel
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154 Ian Wilks [Green-Pedersen, 1984
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156 Ian Wilks [Rosier-Catach, 1999]
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158 Terence Parsons Medieval author
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160 Terence Parsons “Some categor
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162 Terence Parsons Every A is B co
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164 Terence Parsons true. This may
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166 Terence Parsons Figure 1 (ch 4)
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168 Terence Parsons 1.7 Quantifying
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170 Terence Parsons Every A is B Ev
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172 Terence Parsons In modern logic
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174 Terence Parsons The purpose of
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176 Terence Parsons 2.3 Extending t
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178 Terence Parsons Infinitizing ne
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180 Terence Parsons that is not a m
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182 Terence Parsons rule says that
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184 Terence Parsons The parasitic t
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186 Terence Parsons For example,
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188 Terence Parsons a term in a pro
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190 Terence Parsons signify the sam
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192 Terence Parsons this is what Oc
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194 Terence Parsons example, person
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196 Terence Parsons He continues wi
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198 Terence Parsons Since Sherwood
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200 Terence Parsons William says th
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202 Terence Parsons The term ‘thi
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204 Terence Parsons proposition (fo
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206 Terence Parsons makes no differ
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208 Terence Parsons A bishop was gr
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210 Terence Parsons a natural intui
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212 Terence Parsons In both of thes
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214 Terence Parsons The subject is
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216 Terence Parsons I believe that
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218 Terence Parsons neither should
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220 Terence Parsons 6.3 I promise y
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222 Terence Parsons 7 MODES OF SUPP
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224 Terence Parsons that result due
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226 Terence Parsons Personal suppos
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228 Terence Parsons supposition whe
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230 Terence Parsons the predicates
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232 Terence Parsons 7.4 Locality Sh
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234 Terence Parsons [D] a distribut
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236 Terence Parsons sally. But a un
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238 Terence Parsons 7.6 Rules of In
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240 Terence Parsons The premise is
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242 Terence Parsons is similar to a
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244 Terence Parsons Every donkey is
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246 Terence Parsons one may descend
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248 Terence Parsons mode of supposi
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250 Terence Parsons above, allowed
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252 Terence Parsons if the term is
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254 Terence Parsons 8.5 Modes cause
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256 Terence Parsons understand ‘t
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258 Terence Parsons The reverse pri
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260 Terence Parsons mode of supposi
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262 Terence Parsons to formulate a
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264 Terence Parsons some P can alwa
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266 Terence Parsons Still other aut
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268 Terence Parsons Determinate: Ex
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270 Terence Parsons DEFAULT: A main
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272 Terence Parsons Change every ma
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274 Terence Parsons other modes can
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276 Terence Parsons Therefore, ‘d
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278 Terence Parsons [Dineen, 1990]
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280 Terence Parsons [Spade, 1988] P
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282 Henrik Lagerlund and references
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284 Henrik Lagerlund never very con
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286 Henrik Lagerlund present in Al-
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288 Henrik Lagerlund term is hence
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290 Henrik Lagerlund He notes furth
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292 Henrik Lagerlund (3.1.21) ‘Ev
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294 Henrik Lagerlund These five dif
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296 Henrik Lagerlund There are thre
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298 Henrik Lagerlund There is also
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300 Henrik Lagerlund about differen
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302 Henrik Lagerlund Such propositi
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304 Henrik Lagerlund He says that a
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306 Henrik Lagerlund matter. If the
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308 Henrik Lagerlund from the early
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310 Henrik Lagerlund Kilwardby. Nec
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312 Henrik Lagerlund Instead Boethi
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314 Henrik Lagerlund way that one l
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316 Henrik Lagerlund This definitio
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318 Henrik Lagerlund natural (or ne
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320 Henrik Lagerlund would make the
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322 Henrik Lagerlund On Predicables
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324 Henrik Lagerlund of their predi
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326 Henrik Lagerlund nowadays sort
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328 Henrik Lagerlund III. Every B i
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330 Henrik Lagerlund XIV. Every B i
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332 Henrik Lagerlund the conclusion
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334 Henrik Lagerlund (1) Differenti
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336 Henrik Lagerlund On Supposition
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338 Henrik Lagerlund On Fallacies T
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340 Henrik Lagerlund (5) ‘Both’
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342 Henrik Lagerlund substance ‘S
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344 Henrik Lagerlund [Averroes, 196
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346 Henrik Lagerlund [Patterson, 19
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348 Ria van der Lecq signification.
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350 Ria van der Lecq intellectus (c
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352 Ria van der Lecq the mind, extr
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354 Ria van der Lecq everyone, they
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356 Ria van der Lecq other words, t
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358 Ria van der Lecq term represent
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360 Ria van der Lecq nature of a sp
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362 Ria van der Lecq about men in t
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364 Ria van der Lecq The second opi
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366 Ria van der Lecq Both refer to
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368 Ria van der Lecq first mode tha
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370 Ria van der Lecq that is not th
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372 Ria van der Lecq the second hal
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374 Ria van der Lecq ‘second inte
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376 Ria van der Lecq the intellect
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378 Ria van der Lecq or ‘horsenes
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380 Ria van der Lecq that are real
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382 Ria van der Lecq it. 176 And wh
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384 Ria van der Lecq significance.
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386 Ria van der Lecq [Bacon, 1988]
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388 Ria van der Lecq [Rosier, 1983]
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390 Gyula Klima relations between l
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392 Gyula Klima regarded as attempt
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394 Gyula Klima . . . it is essenti
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396 Gyula Klima are supposed to be
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398 Gyula Klima m at t, namely, the
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400 Gyula Klima stead, representing
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402 Gyula Klima it is a substantial
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404 Gyula Klima of various ontologi
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406 Gyula Klima committed to positi
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408 Gyula Klima terance and knowing
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410 Gyula Klima does not have to me
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412 Gyula Klima namely, those to wh
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414 Gyula Klima Concepts and mental
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416 Gyula Klima signify all their s
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418 Gyula Klima provided they are n
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420 Gyula Klima So, when we say tha
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422 Gyula Klima context, the condit
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424 Gyula Klima semantic closure (i
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426 Gyula Klima a given situation i
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428 Gyula Klima This simple modific
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430 Gyula Klima in which the object
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LOGICINTHE14 th CENTURY AFTER OCKHA
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Logic in the 14 th Century after Oc
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1.2 A survey of the traditions Logi
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elsewhere, in particular in Italy.
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Some A is B (1) Every A is B (3) Lo
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it is still by and large murky terr
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MEDIEVAL MODAL THEORIES AND MODAL L
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Medieval Modal Theories and Modal L
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1.7 Essentialist Assumptions Mediev
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(10) Ex(Fx & ♦(Fx & Gx)) (11) Ex(
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(31) (p → Oq) & − L(p → q). M
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TREATMENTS OF THE PARADOXES OF SELF
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Treatments of the Paradoxes of Self
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Proof. Treatments of the Paradoxes
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DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIFTEENTH AND S
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Developments in the Fifteenth and S
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646 Petr Dvoˇrák 2 CARAMUEL’S L
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648 Petr Dvoˇrák ter characterist
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650 Petr Dvoˇrák ad extra as some
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652 Petr Dvoˇrák equivalences (wh
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654 Petr Dvoˇrák the two provided
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656 Petr Dvoˇrák that of arectisa
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658 Petr Dvoˇrák view of relation
Page 668 and 669: 660 Petr Dvoˇrák In dealing with
Page 670 and 671: 662 Petr Dvoˇrák As has been said
Page 672 and 673: 664 Petr Dvoˇrák Things, which ar
Page 675 and 676: PORT ROYAL: THE STIRRINGS OF MODERN
Page 677 and 678: Port Royal: The Stirrings of Modern
Page 707: Port Royal: The Stirrings of Modern
Page 710 and 711: 702 appellata, 416 appellation, 188
Page 712 and 713: 704 Cassiodorus, 1, 2, 5, 22, 25 In
Page 714 and 715: 706 determinate modality, 114 deter
Page 716 and 717: 708 clear and distinct, 671 identir
Page 720 and 721: 712 antiqua responsio, 440 nova res
Page 722 and 723: 714 484, 552-556, 559 pseudo-Scotus
Page 724 and 725: 716 narrow distributive, 267-276 pe
Page 726: 718 Wyclif, J., 441, 442, 450, 452,
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