Body and Soul in Ancient Philosophy

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Empedocles and metempsychôsis: The critique of Diogenes of Oenoanda 77 Diogenes repeats the Stoic doctrine that fools’ souls are destroyed immediately when the soul/body compound is dissolved, whereas wise men’s souls last for a long time before they too are ultimately destroyed. There is another expostulation addressed to the readers: Do you see their manifest implausibility? They make this claim as though sages and non-sages didn’t possess the same kind of mortality, despite their intellectual differences. I wonder even more at their self-control: once the soul has the capability of existing without the body, even if we say it is for a split second, how … Exactly what sort of intellectual self-control is envisaged in this snide comment is not completely clear, but probably the idea is that once you allow the soul to survive death it takes heroic self-control to deny it true and complete immortality. Fragment 40, as reconstructed, brings in the Orphics and Pythagoras. “Let us not say that the soul hasn’t perished when it moves on [metabainousa], as the Orphics (and not just Pythagoras) seem to say in their madness.” Fr. 41 should probably be placed in this context too, since it connects Pythagoras and Empedocles (“not as the Empedocleans and Pythagoreans say, for …”). Fragment 42, unmistakably attacking Empedocles on this doctrine, follows. Three observations about Diogenes’ exposition here. First, it is in his usual vivid and exclamatory style. Second, Plato is not firmly associated with metempsychôsis or transmigration, at least not in the bits we have. He is attacked for his views on the survival of the soul after death, indeed, for his views on immortality, while the Stoics are criticized for their intellectual sloppiness as well (needless innovations on Plato, inconsistent views about survivial of sages and fools). Of course, other themes of criticism could have been present in the full original text. Third, the ordering of the critiques is not chronological or school-based, since it seems to have gone from Plato to the Stoics, then back to Orphics and Pythagoreans and on to Empedocles. Most likely, then, the organizational principle was the doctrine under attack: survival, immortality, and transmigration were treated as distinct headings for the purposes of his polemic; indeed, we should imagine an ascending order of apparent absurdity as his organizing principle. Fragment 42 goes as follows (I reproduce and translate the text in Smith 1993, with an eye to the minor changes in Smith 2003 as well). 5 5 Quite rightly, Smith 2003, 100 complains that I failed to update my translation in Inwood 2001 in light of Smith 1993.
78 Brad Inwood Column I 1. – - – 9mpedojk/r 2. [peq· to¼tym t]µm vi- 3. [kosov¸am pqos]´ka- 4. [bem 1j Puhacº]qou At this point, several lines are missing or too heavily damaged to be used. Column II 1. mor letaba¸meim [vg]- 2. s· t±r xuw±r 1j syl²- 3. tym eQr s¾lata le- 4. t± t¹ t± pq_ta diavha- 5. q/mai ja· 1p(%peiqom toỌ- 6. to ce¸meshai, ¦speq oq- 7. j 1qoOmtor aqt` timor7 8. “9ṃp. edºjkeir, _eQl³m 9. ọẉ[m] ḍ¼.ṃamtai jah( 2au- 10. ṭ±. ṛ [a]Ṛ x . uwạ· l´meim lg- 11. ḍ³. j.·ṭḲụkeir s¼q . ẹim 12. eQr f . []]oụ v¼sim ja· to¼- 13. tou ẉ². qiṃ letaṿ´qeiṃ 14. [a]q.t²r, t¸ soị d¼mataị Ḅ Column III 1. let²basir. _ 1m c±.[qt`] 2. letaṇ» wq . ọm\, dQ o[x t¹] 3. letaba¸meim aqta[?r ce¸]- 4. metai f]ou v¼sim [di]- 5. ´wom, t¹. p÷m taq . ạwḥ[]- 6. somtai. eQ d³. lg[dal_r] 7. 5wousi l´mẹịṃ %[meu] 8. s¾lator, t¸ l²[kista] 9. 2aut` paq´wei[r pq²]- 10. clata, l÷. kkom [d³ 1]- 11. je¸mair, ṣ¼qỵ[m aqt±r] 12. ja· letabib²f . [ym eQr] 13. 6teqom 1n 2t´qoụ [f`]- 14. om. ja· taOta po –--
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Body and Soul in Ancient Philosophy
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Printed on acid-free paper which fa
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VI Preface the program and were wel
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VIII Contents Jan Szaif Die aretÞ
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Introduction 1 The topic The body-s
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Introduction 3 of the Classical and
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Introduction 5 those put forward by
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Introduction 7 principles of atomis
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Introduction 9 vidual’s own conce
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Introduction 11 terpart of the stri
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Introduction 13 body does not count
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Introduction 15 When Tertullian rej
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Introduction 17 and, for that matte
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The Pythagorean conception of the s
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Page 38 and 39: The Pythagorean conception of the s
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Page 57 and 58: 46 Christian Schäfer 1. Vorüberle
Page 59 and 60: 48 Christian Schäfer zung betracht
Page 61 and 62: 50 Christian Schäfer gemacht wird.
Page 63 and 64: 52 Christian Schäfer Das Pythagora
Page 65 and 66: 54 Christian Schäfer 3. Die Kritik
Page 67 and 68: 56 Christian Schäfer seiner Adepte
Page 69 and 70: 58 Christian Schäfer Eine letzte E
Page 71 and 72: 60 Christian Schäfer Transmigratio
Page 73 and 74: 62 Christian Schäfer (wohl aber um
Page 75 and 76: 64 Christian Schäfer auf eine solc
Page 77 and 78: 66 Christian Schäfer Gruppe allein
Page 79 and 80: 68 Christian Schäfer Umkehrung des
Page 82 and 83: Empedocles and metempsychôsis: The
Page 98 and 99: Heraclitus on measure and the expli
Page 120: Heraclitus on measure and the expli
Page 123 and 124: 112 Georg Rechenauer gefallen, sich
Page 125 and 126: 114 Georg Rechenauer jenes späterh
Page 127 and 128: 116 Georg Rechenauer durch einen T
Page 129 and 130: 118 Georg Rechenauer Natur klassifi
Page 131 and 132: 120 Georg Rechenauer sitzen“ 26 .
Page 133 and 134: 122 Georg Rechenauer sind. 33 Insof
Page 135 and 136: 124 Georg Rechenauer mokrit die log
Page 137 and 138: 126 Georg Rechenauer und bewegen ih
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128 Georg Rechenauer Bewegungstende
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130 Georg Rechenauer Antwort auf da
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132 Georg Rechenauer nicht anders z
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134 Georg Rechenauer Demokrit eine
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136 Georg Rechenauer die Wahl diese
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138 Georg Rechenauer ist, 87 oder,
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140 Georg Rechenauer Seelenatome ei
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142 Georg Rechenauer kann. Im äuß
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Three kinds of Platonic immortality
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able doubt, the argument is intende
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164 Michael Erler gegenüber gewöh
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166 Michael Erler Protophilosoph tr
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168 Michael Erler Platon sie als Ge
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170 Michael Erler krates’ bevorst
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172 Michael Erler immer sich selbst
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174 Michael Erler womit im idealen
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176 Michael Erler Sokrates’ Kebes
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178 Michael Erler handlung gehört
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180 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann Hatte scho
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182 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann Definition
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184 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann zweitens d
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186 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann nach einer
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188 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann seine begr
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190 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann Wesen und
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192 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann Erkenntnis
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194 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann reden hör
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196 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann phischen T
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198 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann Schluss nu
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200 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann der hinrei
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202 Gyburg Radke-Uhlmann Noch immer
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Die aretÞ 1 des Leibes: Die Stellu
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 207 es sehr d
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 209 Tugend od
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a) notwendig und hinreichend, b) hi
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 213 Die mögl
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 215 Platon l
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 217 ambivalen
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 219 Weise sei
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 221 folgt dar
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Einteilung G a) Güter, die keine w
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 225 Gemäß d
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 227 Feststell
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 229 der ganze
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 231 verständ
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seelische Verfassung ist gut und eu
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 235 weitere n
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 237 ordnet. E
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 239 beiträgt
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 241 das Ziel
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 243 Dies folg
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Die aretÞ des Leibes 245 findet si
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III. Aristotle
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250 Günther Patzig Hunden und Vög
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252 Günther Patzig Gleichheit durc
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254 Günther Patzig Tiere haben neb
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256 Günther Patzig werden. Eine so
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258 Günther Patzig men, so wäre e
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260 Günther Patzig Über den Mecha
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262 Günther Patzig (2) Mentale Ere
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264 Günther Patzig logischen Proze
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266 Günther Patzig solcher schwier
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268 Christopher Shields Here the im
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270 Christopher Shields istotle’s
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272 Christopher Shields II. Reconst
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274 Christopher Shields cause of be
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276 Christopher Shields P 5 : In th
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278 Christopher Shields namely Meta
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280 Christopher Shields of the body
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282 Christopher Shields to regardin
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284 Christopher Shields ¦speq eU t
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286 Christopher Shields it is a mer
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288 Christopher Shields To be clear
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290 Christopher Shields soul - as a
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292 David Charles I.1. This discuss
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294 David Charles Mathematical obje
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296 David Charles blood which is di
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298 David Charles 3. Desire: A mode
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300 David Charles There are, it see
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302 David Charles ing/expanding/pus
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304 David Charles moves the body by
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306 David Charles relevant aspects
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? Zum Ve
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 311
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 313 Te
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 315 de
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 317 si
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 319 se
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 321 -
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 323 Ar
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 325 ei
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 327 si
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Aristoteles’ Zirbeldrüse? 329 St
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332 Ursula Wolf charakterlich gut z
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334 Ursula Wolf sinnlichen Antriebe
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336 Ursula Wolf anima sagt, der enk
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338 Ursula Wolf sondern die Bewahru
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340 Ursula Wolf (ii) Besitzt der en
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342 Ursula Wolf Wunsch, das kalon z
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344 Ursula Wolf Aber warum bereut d
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346 Ursula Wolf Bezug auf die beide
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How does the soul direct the body,
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V. Hellenism
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360 Keimpe Algra curs, as the Tract
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362 Keimpe Algra ing human souls. T
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364 Keimpe Algra diary and mediator
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366 Keimpe Algra school. Yet as soo
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368 Keimpe Algra the same time that
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370 Keimpe Algra selves, and are no
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372 Keimpe Algra is the soul of the
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374 Keimpe Algra we find the claim
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376 Keimpe Algra Xenocrates and oth
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378 Keimpe Algra 6. Evil demons and
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380 Keimpe Algra The translation an
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382 Keimpe Algra with them, whereas
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384 Keimpe Algra Lares are spirits
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386 Keimpe Algra However, we have r
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 1 Tad
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 391 wa
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 393 An
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 395 li
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Antiochus’ next objection then pi
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 399 th
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 401 cl
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 403 th
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In the later Platonist tradition, a
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Stoic souls in Stoic corpses 407 qu
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410 Christopher Gill What I want to
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412 Christopher Gill than Galen him
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414 Christopher Gill they did not i
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416 Christopher Gill may reflect th
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418 Christopher Gill thesised for t
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420 Christopher Gill case of the he
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422 Christopher Gill tional command
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Philosophical norms and political a
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VI. Philosophers of Early Christian
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448 Jonathan Barnes On the other ha
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450 Jonathan Barnes ity of choice a
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452 Jonathan Barnes philosophers”
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454 Jonathan Barnes He was neither
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456 Jonathan Barnes good argument f
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458 Jonathan Barnes The soul, Tertu
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460 Jonathan Barnes St. Paul distin
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462 Jonathan Barnes an’s psycholo
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464 Jonathan Barnes power or capaci
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466 Therese Fuhrer beiden civitates
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468 Therese Fuhrer antiken Naturphi
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470 Therese Fuhrer 3. Die Konstrukt
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472 Therese Fuhrer werden kann, nac
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474 Therese Fuhrer nen, da es doch
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476 Therese Fuhrer - oder sogar noc
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478 Therese Fuhrer … warum wollen
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480 Therese Fuhrer skizziert er ein
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482 Therese Fuhrer der Natur der G
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484 Therese Fuhrer platonischen Sch
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486 Therese Fuhrer - Identität des
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488 Therese Fuhrer Wenn also klar i
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490 Therese Fuhrer Auferstehungsleh
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes Theo Ko
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 495 Dia
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 497 Es
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 499 tr
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 501 Auc
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 503 Hä
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 505 ist
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 507 zei
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Die Auferstehung des Leibes 509 wer
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Bibliography Ackrill, J. L. (1972/1
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Bibliography 513 Brieger, A. (1902)
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Bibliography 515 - (2002) “Epicur
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Bibliography 517 Halliwell, S. (198
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Bibliography 519 Kim, J. (1996) Phi
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Bibliography 521 May, M. T. (1968)
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Bibliography 523 Reis, B. (2006) (e
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Bibliography 525 - (2004) Platon un
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Index nominum Achill/Achilles 103,
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Index nominum 529 Pindar 102, 104 P
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Index locorum Aelianus Varia Histor
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Index locorum 533 432b18 282, n. 22
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Index locorum 535 701b34 - 702a10 3
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Index locorum 537 22.16 479 22.18 4
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Index locorum 539 DK 68 B 34 133, n
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Index locorum 541 89 38, n. 50; 39,
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Index locorum 543 Marcus Aurelius A
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Index locorum 545 59a 171, n. 31 59
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Index locorum 547 604d 172, n. 34;
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Index locorum 549 In Aristotelis Me
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Index locorum 551 Is 66.22 470, n.
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554 Index rerum Behinderung 194 bei
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556 Index rerum 221, 225, 230, 233,
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558 Index rerum motion (! Bewegung)
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560 Index rerum self-criticism 431
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562 Index rerum Zeus 50, 98, 99, 10
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