Bananas and Food Security - Bioversity International

More documents

Recommendations

Info

186 Les productions bananières / Bananas and food security – Session 1 plants, which may be expressed in their names. Apart from morphology and depending on the taxonomic level, names may be inspired by uses for food or otherwise, by resemblance to phenomena outside the musa domain, by agronomic or organoleptic properties, by details concerning their introduction, and so forth. This not only means that ethnobotanical information is important for a proper understanding of musa terminology in languages, but also that information about various aspects of musa history can be brought to light in this way. Every language has its own inventory of musa names, but certain names may be found in several languages, although not necessarily applied in the same way. For instance, the highland cooking banana is called by a *-tooke name in many Ugandan languages (a “starred form” is a historical reconstruction of the present-day reflexes as found in these languages). However, this name is used to indicate (French) plantain in a number of languages in southern Tanzania (Figures 1 and 2). Moreover, the degree of inclusiveness of a certain name may vary between languages. This can be illustrated by the *-zu names, which include the total musa domain in the Comoros variants of Swahili, refers to all French plantains in Kaguru (central Tanzania), but is restricted to the French Medium Green cultivar only in southern Swahili (coastal Tanzania). Similarly, where the musa plant is concerned, languages also may differ as to the domain of reference of an etymon. The pseudostem of plantain, for example, is called *-konde in some West Ugandan languages, but cognate names in Zambian languages are used for the entire musa plant. Cultivar names are usually less widespread than generic names or names for parts of the musa plant. For instance, in northern Congo the Horn Medium Green cultivar is called mosato, nganga or dum, depending on the language (resp. in Luma, Mikaya and Baka, three languages spoken by so-called pygmies). These names have different etymologies and different origins. The generic names for plantain in these languages, ikondo, diko or ndo, on the other hand, have the same etymology, i.e. all three are derived from an original form *dikondo or *dikonde. This name can be traced back to eastern Africa where in some languages it is still used for the fibrous pseudostem of plantain (or for a certain class of fibrous plants). When the crop spread further westwards the name was transmitted from language to language, as a loanword. In the process, it gradually acquired a generic meaning and its pronunciation underwent some changes. The names of the bunch in the three above-mentioned languages, motu, mobeke and njo (lit. “head”; note that single quotes indicate an interpretation of a vernacular name), are synonyms and were originally used for the big bunches of palm trees. After the introduction of plantain the name came to be applied to its bunches as well and was loan-translated by and between these and other languages in the area. This pattern of borrowed generic names, loan-translated names for parts of the plant and independently-coined cultivar names is frequently found in African languages. There are also other recurrent patterns. For instance, most generic names for musa and for plantain belong to the semantic field of plants with useful fibres. This provides us with important ethnobotanical and historical information, implying that plantain was originally used for its fibres and only became a food crop later. On the other hand, generic names for dessert, cooking, beer and flour bananas, which were introduced more
Afrique / Africa : G. Rossel Figure 1. Generic plantain names and their distribution in African languages. 187
Page 1 and 2:
COOPERATION FRANÇ AISE CTA C R B P
Page 3 and 4:
Sommaire Allocution d’ouverture d
Page 5 and 6:
Sommaire / Contents Thierry Lescot
Page 7 and 8:
Sommaire / Contents H. P. Singh, S.
Page 9 and 10:
Allocution d’ouverture / Opening
Page 11 and 12:
Allocution d’ouverture / Opening
Page 13 and 14:
14 Les productions bananières / Ba
Page 15:
Session 1 Importance de la banane s
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 35:
Amérique Latine - Caraïbes Latin
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 85:
Afrique Africa
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
100 Les productions bananières / B
Page 101 and 102:
Afrique / Africa : B.B. Kufimfut et
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Afrique / Africa : C. Madembo et al
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135: 136 Les productions bananières / B
Page 149 and 150: Afrique / Africa : B. Banful Produc
Page 151 and 152: Afrique / Africa : B. Banful qualit
Page 153 and 154: Afrique / Africa : B. Banful The gr
Page 155 and 156: Afrique / Africa : B. Banful Below
Page 157 and 158: Afrique / Africa : B. Banful 30 cm
Page 159 and 160: Afrique / Africa : P.O. Ogazi Plant
Page 161 and 162: Afrique / Africa : C.S. Gold et al.
Page 177: Afrique / Africa : C.S. Gold et al.
Page 197 and 198: Asie - Pacifique / Asia - Pacific :
Page 205: Asie - Pacifique / Asia - Pacific :
Page 235 and 236:
Asie - Pacifique / Asia - Pacific :
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249:
Session 2 Diversité et dynamique d
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 263 and 264:
Amérique Latine - Caraïbes / Lati
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 349:
Afrique Africa
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 359 and 360:
Afrique - Africa : J. Tchango Tchan
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 419:
Asie - Pacifique Asia - Pacific
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 443 and 444:
Asie/Pacifique - Asia/Pacific : J.M
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 473 and 474:
Synthèse des discussions 475 La re
Page 475 and 476:
Introduction : J. Chataigner Introd
Page 477 and 478:
Introduction : J. Chataigner nomie,
Page 479 and 480:
Introduction : J. Chataigner la sé
Page 481 and 482:
Introduction : J. Chataigner Un aut
Page 483:
Afrique Africa
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Page 523 and 524:
Afrique / Africa : L. Temple et J.
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Afrique / Africa : A. N’Da Adopo
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
Page 565 and 566:
Europe : D. Lœillet Le marché int
Page 567 and 568:
Europe : D. Lœillet Tableau 1. Les
Page 569 and 570:
Europe : D. Lœillet Gros Michel An
Page 571 and 572:
Europe : D. Lœillet Fair Trade ou
Page 573 and 574:
Europe : D. Lœillet mentaire qui r
Page 575 and 576:
Europe : H. Tabuna Le marché de la
Page 577 and 578:
Europe : H. Tabuna 579 les ressorti
Page 579 and 580:
Europe : H. Tabuna 581 Il concerne
Page 581 and 582:
Europe : H. Tabuna 583 marché de C
Page 583 and 584:
Europe : H. Tabuna 585 dans la dist
Page 585 and 586:
Europe : H. Tabuna 587 consommateur
Page 587:
Europe : H. Tabuna 589 Parigi J. 19
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617:
Page 620 and 621:
Page 622 and 623:
Page 624 and 625:
Page 626 and 627:
Page 628 and 629:
Page 631:
Session 4 Systèmes de productions
Page 634 and 635:
Page 636 and 637:
Page 638 and 639:
Page 640 and 641:
Page 642 and 643:
Page 645:
Afrique Africa
Page 648 and 649:
Page 650 and 651:
Page 652 and 653:
Page 654 and 655:
Page 656 and 657:
Page 658 and 659:
Page 660 and 661:
Page 662 and 663:
Page 664 and 665:
Page 666 and 667:
Page 668 and 669:
Page 670 and 671:
Page 672 and 673:
Page 674 and 675:
Page 676 and 677:
Page 678 and 679:
Page 681 and 682:
Afrique / Africa : C. Makambila La
Page 683:
Afrique / Africa : C. Makambila Con
Page 686 and 687:
Page 688 and 689:
Page 690 and 691:
Page 692 and 693:
Page 695 and 696:
Afrique / Africa : K.R. Green et al
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703:
Page 706 and 707:
Page 708 and 709:
Page 710 and 711:
Page 712 and 713:
Page 714 and 715:
Page 717 and 718:
Afrique / Africa : A.R. Ajayi and K
Page 719 and 720:
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725:
Page 728 and 729:
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
Page 738 and 739:
Page 740 and 741:
Page 742 and 743:
Page 744 and 745:
Page 746 and 747:
Page 748 and 749:
Page 751:
Amérique Latine - Caraïbes Latin
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
Page 758 and 759:
Page 760 and 761:
Page 762 and 763:
Page 764 and 765:
Page 766 and 767:
Page 769 and 770:
Page 771 and 772:
Page 773 and 774:
Page 775 and 776:
Page 777:
Page 781 and 782:
Liste des participants / List of pa
Page 783 and 784:
Page 785 and 786:
Page 787 and 788:
Page 789 and 790:
Page 791:
Page 794 and 795:
Page 797 and 798:
Dépôt légal : 59 - février 2000
show all

Bananas and Food Security - Bioversity International

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?