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Bananas and Food Security - Bioversity International

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Amérique Latine - Caraïbes / Latin America - Caribbean : T. Lescot et F. N’Guyen<br />

La banane plantain en Haïti :<br />

une filière en difficulté ?<br />

Thierry Lescot 1 et Fabien N’Guyen 2<br />

Abstract – Plantain in Haiti : a sector in difficulty ?<br />

Plantain is an important staple foodstuff in Haiti. Per capita consumption is about 22 kg<br />

per year. The figure of 60 kg per person per year is even exceeded in rural production<br />

zones. With annual production of 270,000 tonnes, Haiti is one of the main producer<br />

countries in the Latin America-Caribbean region.<br />

The French plantain grown in Haiti is a special case. Cultivation is concentrated mainly in<br />

the alluvial coastal plains. A study was undertaken in 1998 in Arcahaie plain, the main<br />

production zone. Close to Port-au-Prince (2,100,000 habitants), the main consumption<br />

centre, the l<strong>and</strong> in this zone is subjected to strong pressure <strong>and</strong> tenure is precarious.<br />

These studies show the problems of production : low yields, pressure on monospecific<br />

cropping <strong>and</strong> complex marketing systems. Supplies have been decreasing for several years<br />

<strong>and</strong> are unbalanced with regard to dem<strong>and</strong>.<br />

There are many players (from producers to consumers) in the sector <strong>and</strong> all of them are in<br />

a situation of competition. However, the strong pressure on l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the small size of<br />

farms mean that growers must keep the bunch price high in order to survive. The result is<br />

that some of the players in the sector are specialised <strong>and</strong> a food crop is turning into a<br />

cash crop that low-income consumers can no longer afford.<br />

Résumé<br />

En Haïti, la banane plantain est un aliment de base important pour la population. La<br />

consommation par habitant s’élève ainsi à environ 22 kg/hab./an. En zone rurale productrice,<br />

on dépasse même les 60 kg/hab./an. Avec 270 000 tonnes de production annuelle,<br />

Haïti est l’un des principaux pays producteur de la zone Amérique latine Caraïbe.<br />

Le bananier plantain cultivé en Haïti est d’ailleurs un cas particulier dans cette zone avec<br />

des variétés de type French. La culture est principalement concentrée dans les plaines<br />

côtières alluvionnaires.<br />

Une étude a été engagée en 1998 sur la filière de la banane plantain dans la principale<br />

zone de production : la plaine de l’Arcahaie. Proche du principal centre de consommation<br />

qu’est Port-au-Prince (2100000 habitants), cette zone est sujette à une forte pression sur<br />

la terre et à une précarité de la tenure foncière.<br />

1 CIRAD-FLHOR/IICA, Santo Domingo, République Dominicaine<br />

2 CNEARC, Montpellier, France.<br />

311

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