Bananas and Food Security - Bioversity International

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616 Les productions bananières / Bananas and food security – Session 3 intermediaries. Hence his profit or income margin and his costs are all much lower, thus reducing the efficiency of the marketing system. In channels 2 and 3 the producer gets a lower price compared to the retail price to the consumer, thus making these systems also less efficient. With only one middleman in the channel, price spread is reduced radically to 18.35% in channel 5 and the farmer’s share increases to 81.3%. This is mainly due to reduced marketing costs and the reduced margin of the intermediaries. In channel 4, with no involvement of intermediaries in the whole marketing process, the farmer gets the lion’s share of 95.4%, thus reducing the price spread to 13%. Market efficiency An efficient market is one where the movement of goods from producer to consumer takes place at the lowest possible cost consistent with the provision of the services desired by the consumer. According to Khol & Uhl (1980), marketing efficiency is the ratio of market output to market input. In the present study, the efficiency of different channels appears to be in the order, channel 5 (4.59) followed by channel 1 (3.16%), channel 4 (2.97%), channel 3 (2.32%) and channel 2 (2.05%). Three basic components of marketing efficiency have been identified, namely, (a) The effectiveness with which a marketing service is performed, (b) The cost at which the service is performed and (c) The effect of this cost and the method of performing the service on production and consumption. With regard to these points, channel 5 appears to be the most efficient channel, involving no intermediaries or commission agents, with an efficiency score of 4.59%, followed by channel 1 (3.16%). Processing chains of plantain chips Plantain chip processing involves a big network in Kerala with thousands of workers including housewives, who routinely take up retail processing and distribution. The bunches are purchased by the wholesale or retail processing units from any of the three sources – primary wholesaler, secondary wholesaler or retailer – as shown in the flow chart (Figure 3). But purchase from a retailer is rare except for household purposes. Wholesale processing units are run by small scale entrepreneurs employing 8-10 workers with output depending on the daily demand, while small scale processing units are run by shops or restaurants along with other products. Grading is done manually and 3-4 grades are maintained: very fine, good and undergrade. Prices are based on the grades and the chips are sold in different market strata. Packing in attractive covers is undertaken before distribution to retailers. The survey suggested a margin of 20-38% to the processor, depending on the size of the unit. Problems associated with plantain supply channels The basic problem lies with the production system without a spatial distribution of the harvesting season. As Figure 4 indicates, the peak harvesting season of commercial plantains is September-October, which coincides with the major annual festival of
Asie - Pacifique / Asia - Pacific : H. P. Singh et al. Grading & packing Primary wholesaler Wholesale distibution Wholesale processing unit Secondary wholesaler Retail processing unit Retail distribution Consumer Figure 3. Flow chart depicting processing chains of plantain chips. Plantain Producing area Kerala Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu Central Districts of Tamil Nadu (Trichy) Figure 4. Spread of plantain harvesting season. Retailer January Febr. March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Harvesting season Peak harvesting season 617 Kerala. Although in the lean periods of harvest i.e, the beginning and end of the season, bunches fetch very high prices in the market, a glut is a common feature in peak season. This brings down the price of fruits drastically since plantains have no market other than in Kerala State for distribution and consumption. Another glut is during March-April when it is a peak harvesting season in neighbouring Tamil Nadu. The annual planting
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COOPERATION FRANÇ AISE CTA C R B P
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Sommaire Allocution d’ouverture d
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Sommaire / Contents Thierry Lescot
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Sommaire / Contents H. P. Singh, S.
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Allocution d’ouverture / Opening
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Allocution d’ouverture / Opening
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14 Les productions bananières / Ba
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Session 1 Importance de la banane s
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Amérique Latine - Caraïbes Latin
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Afrique Africa
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100 Les productions bananières / B
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Afrique / Africa : B.B. Kufimfut et
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Afrique / Africa : C. Madembo et al
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Afrique / Africa : B. Banful Produc
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Afrique / Africa : B. Banful qualit
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Afrique / Africa : B. Banful The gr
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Afrique / Africa : B. Banful Below
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Afrique / Africa : B. Banful 30 cm
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Afrique / Africa : P.O. Ogazi Plant
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Afrique / Africa : C.S. Gold et al.
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Session 2 Diversité et dynamique d
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Afrique Africa
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Afrique - Africa : J. Tchango Tchan
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Synthèse des discussions 475 La re
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Introduction : J. Chataigner Introd
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Introduction : J. Chataigner nomie,
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Introduction : J. Chataigner la sé
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Introduction : J. Chataigner Un aut
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Afrique Africa
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Afrique / Africa : L. Temple et J.
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Afrique / Africa : C. Makambila La
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Afrique / Africa : K.R. Green et al
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Afrique / Africa : A.R. Ajayi and K
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Liste des participants / List of pa
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Dépôt légal : 59 - février 2000
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