Bananas and Food Security - Bioversity International

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188 Les productions bananières / Bananas and food security – Session 1 Figure 2. Generic names for highland bananas and their distribution in East African languages.
Afrique / Africa : G. Rossel recently, are often derived from verbs denoting the state of ripeness of the fruits (i.e. their colour or their texture). This category of names came into being only after plantain had become a food crop. Cultivar names are spread in different ways. The main patterns of spread that can be distinguished are widespread-scattered, widespread-diffuse and localized. Names that are found over large areas but occur mainly within specific linguistic groups often concern old cultivars. Significantly, this is usually the case with names for the French Giant and Medium Green cultivars (e.g. *-zu , *-konja and *-konde), which, in many cases, have a generic meaning as well. Names that are spread over large areas in a uniform manner and that occur in different language groups mainly belong to cultivars that arrived relatively recently, gained a great popularity and therefore spread fast. Examples of this in West-Central Africa are the French Medium Green, fused-pedicel cultivar (-seluka), the False Horn Medium Green cultivar (-banga) and the French Small Green cultivar (-biri). The popularity of these three cultivars is mainly due to their short growing cycle and their prolific suckering. Cultivar names that are only found locally may concern cultivars that are very new and had not yet time to spread far. For instance, the French Medium Green, red sap cultivar (malongo “blood”) only occurs in northern Congo, south-eastern Cameroon and north-eastern Gabon. Apart from that, there are also cultivar names that were coined several times and independently in different languages. These names are usually motivated in the same way and may refer to the same or to different cultivars. The most important examples of this are cultivars with salient morphological features such as blunt fruits (“short fingers”), spiraloid bunches (“turn-turn”) or chimaeric stripes (“striped squirrel”). The itineraries of individual cultivars can sometimes be retraced with the help of linguistic information. Moreover, the patterns of spread of the crop, of its cultivars and their names, of other musa-related nomenclature and of other crops and crop names, may also provide indications for the history of the peoples involved. This can be illustrated by the cultivars grown in the border area of northern Congo, south-eastern Cameroon and north-eastern Gabon. The various peoples presently situated here speak languages that belong to different Bantu as well as Ubangi language groups and live from agriculture and fishing, or from hunting and gathering. According to linguistic evidence, the various cultivars came to the area, or originated therein, via different pathways and at different periods in time. For instance, the French Medium Green, fused pedicels cultivar, which originated somewhere near the Gabonese coast, is found under two different names. The first, ekoaja, is used in the languages spoken along the right bank of the Sangha river and came to the area via southern Cameroon. The second name, selukwe, is used by the various peoples on the left bank of the river and arrived here via central Congo. The distribution patterns of these names coincide with those of the generic names for “maize” and “banana” in the languages along the Sangha. Since the time and place of introduction and the pathways of spread of these two crops are more or less known, we also have an idea about the pathways and time of arrival of this plantain cultivar in the area. 189
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COOPERATION FRANÇ AISE CTA C R B P
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Sommaire Allocution d’ouverture d
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Sommaire / Contents Thierry Lescot
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Sommaire / Contents H. P. Singh, S.
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Allocution d’ouverture / Opening
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Allocution d’ouverture / Opening
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14 Les productions bananières / Ba
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Session 1 Importance de la banane s
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Amérique Latine - Caraïbes Latin
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Afrique Africa
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100 Les productions bananières / B
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Afrique / Africa : B.B. Kufimfut et
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Afrique / Africa : C. Madembo et al
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Session 2 Diversité et dynamique d
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Afrique Africa
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Afrique - Africa : J. Tchango Tchan
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Synthèse des discussions 475 La re
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Introduction : J. Chataigner Introd
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Introduction : J. Chataigner nomie,
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Introduction : J. Chataigner la sé
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Introduction : J. Chataigner Un aut
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Afrique Africa
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Europe : D. Lœillet Le marché int
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Europe : H. Tabuna 589 Parigi J. 19
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Session 4 Systèmes de productions
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Afrique Africa
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Afrique / Africa : C. Makambila La
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Afrique / Africa : K.R. Green et al
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Liste des participants / List of pa
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Dépôt légal : 59 - février 2000
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