REMEMBRANCE IN TIME - Index of

Lora DONCHEVA: The Group of Immigrant Anarchists … 41
of the Gabarevo district with the rank of lieutenant. In 1946, he quit the Bulgarian
Workers’ Party – communis. On June 18, 1948, he emigrated with Panteley
Dzhumakov to Italy crossing the Turkish border. Later he settled in Paris. In 1953,
together with M. Ivanov and D. Karaivanov Nestorov managed to make a parachute
jump near Pavel Banya. Nestorov was killed on March 1954 during a campaign of the
Internal troops.
5. No biographical data for Doncho Karaivanov was found in the examined documents.
The only information that gives an idea of Karaivanov’s immigrant life are the
memoirs of Ivan Rachev who wrote that in early 1951, D. Karaivanov with three
Bulgarians were in prison in Kovachitsa, Yugoslavia. – See ДА–В. Търново, ф.
1450, оп. 4, а.е. 117, л. 45 [Veliko Tarnovo State Archives, f. 1450, op. 4, a.u. 117,
p. 45].
6. Milyu Ivanov Ivanov was born on April 1, 1922 in the village of Pavel Banya,
Kazanlak district. He studied at the Mechanical Technical School in Kazanlak, where
he fell under the influence of anarchism. According to the memoirs of S. Tzolov in
December 1948, during a mass arrest of anarchists M. Ivanov managed to cross
illegally the Bulgarian-Yugoslav border together with Tr. Marulevski, I. Drandov and
others. – See Цолов, С. Спомени, 461–462 [Tsolov, S. Memoirs, pp. 461-462].
According to the information in “In defense of anarchy” newsletter, M. Ivanov and
Tr. Marulevski together with others, illegally left the country in May 1950. M. Ivanov
originally stayed in a camp in Niš and then moved to work in Kragujevac, where he
remained until November 1950. He was a student at the Physics and Mathematics
Faculty of the Belgrade University for a short period. He moved through camps and
prisons in Yugoslavia, Austria, Germany and France. He settled in Paris. As a
member of Nestorov’s group, he returned to Bulgaria in the autumn of 1953 and was
wounded and captured during the operation carried out by the Internal Forces and
State Security in March 1954. The first trial, held in the autumn of 1954 against him
ended with a 20-year sentence. The second trial in 1955 sentenced him to death.
7. (V. Tarnovo 2009) Documents of the “Goriani” Movement from the Central Military
Archives - Veliko Tarnovo, pp. 439–440.
8. Stefanov, Pl. Op. cit., p. 197.
9. Georgi Hadjiev was born on April 16, 1906 in Gorna Oryahovitsa, V. Tarnovo
district. He was influenced by the ideas of anarchism as a high school student in
Veliko Tarnovo. Hadjiev emigrated after the coup in June 9, 1923. In 1930 he took a
diploma in agronomic sciences in Toulouse, France. In 1931 he returned to Bulgaria.
During the Spanish Civil War, he moved to Spain where he represented FACB
(Federation of Anarchist Communists in Bulgaria). He returned in Bulgaria during
World War II and worked as an agronomist in Burgas until 9 September, 1944. In
December 1948 he crossed the Turkish border illegally and then settled in France. He
is one of the founders of the Union of Bulgarian Overseas Anarchists. The journal
“Our Way” was published under his leadership.
10. Ivan Rachev was born on January 26, 1902 in the village of Pavel Banya, Kazanlak
district. He finished the Pedagogical School in Kazanlak in 1920 and graduated at
Sofia University in 1929 with first major in natural history. He was a teacher for
about 20 years. In 1945, he was convicted for anarchist ideas and was sent to the
camp in Dupnitsa. He left Bulgaria on February 13, 1949. Rachev spent 13 months in
Yugoslavia and nine months in Italy. In February 1951 he settled in France.
11. See Хаджиев, Г. Вчерашни, днешни и утрешни проблеми. С., 1991, 173-175
[Hadjiev, G. (1991) Yesterday’s, Today’s, and Tomorrow's Problems, pp. 173-175].