REMEMBRANCE IN TIME - Index of

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5. Conclusion
Remembrance in Time
It is on the one hand difficult to define exactly who belongs to the winners and losers of
the economic transition in the Baltic States. I think I show some ways how to identify
these groups. Next to the widespread approaches like income, I show that gender is also
an approach to differentiate between the two groups. Also the place of living influences
the individual situation and the classification as winners and losers. Here the difference is
between the situation in urban and rural areas. Especially the urban areas with the capitals
belong to the gainers of the economic transition.
Even I refer to the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania I believe that these
structures are transferable to the whole region of Central and Eastern Europe.
References
1. Nugin, R., Onken, E.-C.: Defining success in a changing society: Self-evaluation and
social reflections of a coming elite in the Baltic states, in: Journal of Baltic Studies,
Vol.41, No.4 2010, pp.449-471, p.450.
2. Nugin, R., Onken, E.-C.: Defining success in a changing society: Self-evaluation and
social reflections of a coming elite in the Baltic states, in: Journal of Baltic Studies,
Vol.41, No.4 2010, pp.449-471, p.451f.
3. Berend, I. T.: From the Soviet bloc to the European Union. The economic and social
transformation of Central and Eastern Europe since 1973, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2009, p.244.
4. Nugin, R., Onken, E.-C.: Defining success in a changing society: Self-evaluation and
social reflections of a coming elite in the Baltic states, in: Journal of Baltic Studies,
Vol.41, No.4 2010, pp.449-471, p.455.
5. Nugin, R., Onken, E.-C.: Defining success in a changing society: Self-evaluation and
social reflections of a coming elite in the Baltic states, in: Journal of Baltic Studies,
Vol.41, No.4 2010, pp.449-471, p.454.
6. http://news.err.ee/economy/2fdcde9f-6fcb-479b-82d9-d9bedc1b3226.Accessed:
15.09.2012
7. Gruber, D.: Zuhause in Estland? Eine Untersuchung zur sozialen Integration
ethnischer Russen an der Außengrenze der Europäischen Union, Lit Verlag, Berlin,
2008, p.171.
9. Berend, Ivan T.: From the Soviet bloc to the European Union. The economic and
social transformation of Central and Eastern Europe since 1973, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2009, p.179.
10. O’Connor, K.: The history of the Baltic states, Greenwood Publishing Group,
London, 2003, p.183.
11. Berend, I. T.: From the Soviet bloc to the European Union. The economic and social
transformation of Central and Eastern Europe since 1973, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2009, p.186.
13. Mart Laar claims that even he as the prime minister of Estonia lost a huge amount of
his savings due to the collapse of the Estonian banking system in the early nineties.
In: Laar, M.: Das estnische Wirtschaftswunder. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2002,
p.117.