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Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente

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SECCION VI. Orientación/directrices por categoría <strong>de</strong> fuente: Parte III <strong>de</strong>l Anexo C 215<br />

Medida Descripción Consi<strong>de</strong>raciones Otros<br />

comentarios<br />

sistemas <strong>de</strong> <strong>el</strong>iminación<br />

Depuradores<br />

húmedos o semisecos<br />

Biofiltros<br />

Para <strong>el</strong>iminar SO 2 , <strong>de</strong> ser<br />

necesario<br />

Para <strong>el</strong>iminar componentes<br />

olorosos <strong>de</strong> ser necesario<br />

6. Niv<strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sempeño alcanzable<br />

El niv<strong>el</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sempeño alcanzable <strong>para</strong> emisiones <strong>de</strong> PCDD/PCDF en <strong>el</strong> sector <strong>de</strong> aluminio<br />

primario es < 0,1 ng EQT/Nm 3 . 4<br />

Referencias<br />

AEA Technology Environment. 1999. R<strong>el</strong>eases of Dioxins and Furans to Land and Water in<br />

Europe. Pre<strong>para</strong>do por Lan<strong>de</strong>sumw<strong>el</strong>tamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, <strong>para</strong> la Comisión<br />

Europea <strong>de</strong> <strong>Ambiente</strong> DG.<br />

Asociación <strong>de</strong> Aluminio <strong>de</strong> Canadá. aac.aluminium.qc.ca/anglais/production/in<strong>de</strong>x.html.<br />

BCS Inc. 2003. U.S. Energy Requirements for Aluminum Production: Historical Perspectives,<br />

Theoretical Limits and New Opportunities. Pre<strong>para</strong>do por contrato <strong>para</strong> <strong>el</strong> Departamento <strong>de</strong><br />

Energía, Eficiencia Energética y Energía Renovable <strong>de</strong> los Estados Unidos.<br />

Comisión Europea. 2001. Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Non-Ferrous<br />

Metals Industries. Documento <strong>de</strong> Referencia MTD (BREF). European IPPC Bureau, Seville, Spain.<br />

eippcb.jrc.es.<br />

Energetics Inc. 1997. Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Aluminum Industry. Pre<strong>para</strong>do<br />

Para <strong>el</strong> Departamento <strong>de</strong> Energía <strong>de</strong> los Estados Unidos, Oficina <strong>de</strong> Tecnologías Industriales,<br />

Maryland. www.oit.doe.gov/aluminum/pdfs/alprofile.pdf.<br />

Kucherenko A., Kluyev N., Yufit S., Ch<strong>el</strong>eptchikov A.y Brodskj E. 2001. “Study of Dioxin<br />

Sources in Krasnoyarsk, Russia.” Organohalogen Compounds 53:275–278.<br />

Ministerio <strong>de</strong> <strong>Medio</strong>ambiente <strong>de</strong> Nueva Z<strong>el</strong>andia. 2000. New Zealand Inventory of Dioxin<br />

Emissions to Air, Land and Water, and Reservoir Sources.<br />

www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/hazardous/dioxin-emissions-inventory-mar00.pdf.<br />

PNUMA (<strong>Programa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>las</strong> <strong>Naciones</strong> <strong>Unidas</strong> <strong>para</strong> <strong>el</strong> <strong>Medio</strong>ambiente). 2003. Standardized Toolkit<br />

for I<strong>de</strong>ntification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan R<strong>el</strong>eases. PNUMA, Geneva.<br />

www.pops.int/documents/guidance/Toolkit_2003.pdf.<br />

SNC-Lavalin Environment. 2002. Evaluation of Feasibility and Roadmap for Implementing<br />

Aluminium Production Technologies That Reduce/Eliminate Greenhouse Gases and Other<br />

Emissions. Pre<strong>para</strong>do <strong>para</strong> <strong>Medio</strong>ambiente <strong>de</strong> Canadá.<br />

4<br />

1 ng (nanogramo) = 1 × 10 -12 kilogramo (1 × 10 -9 gramo); Nm 3 = normal metro cúbico, volumen <strong>de</strong> gas seco medido<br />

a 0 °C y 101,3 kPa. Para información sobre medición <strong>de</strong> toxicidad ver sección I. C, párrafo 3 <strong>de</strong>l presente documento.<br />

Directrices sobre MTD y Orientación Provisoria sobre MPA Borrador – Diciembre 2004

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