Encyclopedia of French Film Directors
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Encyclopedia of French Film Directors

Encyclopedia of French Film Directors

Encyclopedia of French Film Directors

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780 • OPHÜLS, MARCEL<br />

1996 Le Tuteur<br />

2001 Tel Epris (France / Belgium)<br />

OPHÜLS, MARCEL (Hans Marcel Oppenheimer /<br />

November 1, 1927, Frankfurt am Main, Germany–)<br />

The son <strong>of</strong> German fi lm director Max Ophüls and<br />

actress Hilde Wall, he fl ed Berlin with his parents<br />

after the Nazi rise to power in 1933 and took refuge<br />

in Paris. In 1941, his family settled in California, where<br />

he attended Hollywood High School. After serving<br />

with a theatrical unit <strong>of</strong> the US occupation forces in<br />

Japan, he resumed his studies at Occidental College<br />

and then the University <strong>of</strong> California, Berkeley. Back in<br />

France in 1950, he completed his studies in philosophy<br />

at the Sorbonne before entering fi lms as an assistant<br />

director (1951 Monsieur Fabre / USA: Amazing Monsieur<br />

Fabre, Henri Diamant-Berger; Un Grand Patron /<br />

UK: Great Man / USA: Perfectionist, Yves Ciampi; 1952<br />

La Fille au Fouet, Jean Dréville; Moulin Rouge, John Huston,<br />

USA; 1953 Act <strong>of</strong> Love / Un Acte d’Amour, Anatole<br />

Litvak, USA / France; 1955 Lola Montès / Lola Montez<br />

/ UK: The Fall <strong>of</strong> Lola Montes / USA: The Sins <strong>of</strong> Lola<br />

Montes, as Marcel Wall, Max Ophüls, France / West<br />

Germany). In 1969, after directing a couple <strong>of</strong> action<br />

comedies, he shot for <strong>French</strong> TV Le Chagrin et la Pitié,<br />

a controversial three-and-a-half-hour documentary<br />

on the conduct <strong>of</strong> the <strong>French</strong> people during the occupation<br />

<strong>of</strong> France. Released in theaters in 1971, the<br />

movie was banned from TV until 1981. He appeared<br />

as an actor in two fi lms (1981 Egon Schiele–Exzesse /<br />

Egon Schiele, Enfer et Passion / UK and USA: Egon Shiele:<br />

Excess and Punishment, Herbert Vesel, West Germany /<br />

France / Austria; 1983 Liberty Belle, Pascal Kané).<br />

<strong>Film</strong>ography<br />

1960 Henri Matisse ou Le Talent du Bonheur (documentary;<br />

short; also screenwriter)<br />

1962 L’Amour à vingt Ans / L’amore a vent’anni / Liebe<br />

mit zwanzig / Hatachi no koi / Milosc dwudziestolatkow<br />

/ USA: Love at Twenty (co-director<br />

only; segment “Munich”; France / Italy / West<br />

Germany / Japan / Poland)<br />

1963 Peau de Banane / Buccia di banana / USA: Banana<br />

Peel (also co-screenwriter, co-adapter,<br />

co-dialogist; France / Italy)<br />

1965 Feu à Volonté / Hagan juego, senoras / USA:<br />

Make Your Bets, Ladies (also co-adapter, codialogist;<br />

France / Spain)<br />

1971 Le Chagrin et la Pitié / Haus nebeman—Das<br />

Chronik einer französische Stadt im Kriege / Zorn<br />

und Mitleid / UK and USA: The Sorrow and the<br />

Pity (documentary; also co-screenwriter, interviewer;<br />

shot in 1969)<br />

1972 A Sense <strong>of</strong> Loss (documentary; Switzerland /<br />

USA)<br />

1976 The Memory <strong>of</strong> Justice / Nicht Schuldig? (documentary;<br />

UK / USA / France / West Germany)<br />

1988 Hôtel Terminus / Hôtel Terminius: Klaus Barbie,<br />

sa Vie et son Temps / Hotel Terminus: The Life<br />

and Times <strong>of</strong> Klaus Barbie (documentary; also<br />

screenwriter, producer, actor as himself; West<br />

Germany / France / Switzerland)<br />

1991 November Days / Novembertage—Stimmen und<br />

Wege (documentary; Germany / UK)<br />

1994 Veillée d’Armes / Veillée d’Armes: Histoire du<br />

Journalisme en Temps de Guerre / The Troubles<br />

We’ve Seen—Die Geschichte der Kriegsberichterstattung<br />

/ The Troubles We’ve Seen: A History<br />

<strong>of</strong> Journalism in Wartime (documentary; also<br />

screenwriter; France / Germany / UK)<br />

Television <strong>Film</strong>ography<br />

1967 Munich ou la Paix pour cent Ans (documentary)<br />

1970 The Harvest <strong>of</strong> My Lai / Die Ernte von My Lai<br />

(documentary; medium-length; also screenwriter;<br />

France / West Germany)<br />

Clavigo (documentary; West Germany)<br />

Zwei ganze Tage / Zwei ganze Tage—Wir wollen<br />

uns ein Luftschloss bauen / Faisons un Rêve (documentary;<br />

also screenwriter; West Germany<br />

/ France)<br />

1971 Auf der Suche nach meinem Amerika / USA:<br />

America Revisited (TV series; documentary;<br />

also screenwriter; West Germany)<br />

OPHÜLS, MAX (Max Oppenheimer / May 6, 1902,<br />

Saarbrücken, Germany–March 25, 1957, Hamburg,<br />

Germany)<br />

His rich German-Jewish parents had made their<br />

fortune in the garment business. At the age <strong>of</strong> seventeen,<br />

following a brief experience in journalism, he<br />

began a career as a stage actor. In 1923, he started<br />

directing plays (about 200 until the early 1930s)<br />

and soon won great fame in all German-speaking<br />

countries. At age twenty-four, he was working at the<br />

prestigious Burgtheater in Vienna, but after being an<br />

assistant and dialogue director for Anatole Litvak<br />

(1930 No wieder Liebe / USA: No More Love), he gave<br />

up the boards to direct fi lms. In France from 1933, he<br />

had to take refuge in the USA during the occupation

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