Encyclopedia of French Film Directors

viii • PREFACE
completed before December 31, 2008, are included
in fi lmographies. Dates given with movie titles are
almost always the years of fi rst release in the country
in which they originate. For unreleased fi lms, however,
the date refl ects the year of production. When the
release and production dates differ from more than
twelve months, the year the movie was fi lmed is indicated
in parentheses. All the movies shot after 1918
are classifi ed in chronological order of release. In the
absence of reliable release dates, silent movies fi lmed
before 1918 (mostly short fi lms) are presented in
alphabetical order.
A slash separating titles in the credits means that
what follows is a list of alternate titles. When the movie
is not of French origin or is the result of a co-production
between two or more countries, the foreign titles
are mentioned, and the abbreviated names of concerned
nations appeared in parentheses. Movies released in the
United Kingdom and the United States are also identifi
ed by their English and/or American titles.