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D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mereka berharap bahwa berdirinya Ikatan Cendikiawan Muslim se-Indonesia (ICMI), di Malang pada Desember 1990, dapat berperan sebagai forum nasional di mana para intelektual dan aktivis Muslim dapat mengelaborasi tujuan demokratisasi ekonomi dan politik ke dalam komponen-komponennya yang relevan. 56 [] batkan segmen intelektual Muslim yang lebih luas, mereka kemudian membentuk Forum Komunikasi Pembangunan Indonesia (FKPI) pada 1986 dengan ketua Ahmad Tirtosudiro—seorang pensiunan jenderal angkatan darat dan bekas duta besar Indonesia untuk Arab Saudi. Mengenai pembentukan FKPI, lihat A. Rifa’i Hassan dan Sri Marhaeni, “Sejarah Forum Komunikasi Pembangunan Indonesia,” Sekretariat Eksekutif FKPI, Desember 1986. 56 Mengenai pembentukan ICMI, lihat “Simposium Nasional Cendekiawan Muslim,” Malang: Universitas Brawijaya, 6-8 Desember 1990. Lihat juga M. Syafi’i Anwar, “Islam, Negara, dan Formasi Sosial Dalam Orde Baru: Menguak Dimensi Sosio-Historis Kelahiran dan Perkembangan lCMI,” Ulumul Qur’ân, No. 3, Vol. III, suplemen, 1992, hh. 1-28. 0 — Bahtiar Effendy
BAB VI D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t MELAMPAUI PARTAI DAN PARLEMEN: MENINJAU KEMBALI PENDEKATAN POLITIK ISLAM Di masa lalu, partai Islam sering dianggap mewakili umat Islam sehingga aspirasi umat sering diidentikkan dengan aspirasi partai tersebut, meski sebenarnya tidak demikian, karena hanya sebagian orang Islam yang memasuki partai yang berasaskan Islam. Namun kini, setelah ketiga organisasi sosial politik (PPP, Golkar, PDI) berasaskan Pancasila, maka tidak ada lagi Partai Islam yang resmi membawakan Islam. Aspirasi umat Islam sekarang berada dalam berbagai kelompok politik dan sosial. strategi islaM di Masa lalu — — —Lukman Harun 1 Berdasarkan pembahasan terdahulu, bisa dikatakan bahwa sejarah politik Islam di Indonesia hingga tingkat tertentu ditandai oleh dua ciri dominan. Untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang mereka inginkan, para pemimpin dan aktivis Islam politik yang lebih awal 1 Lihat, “Mulai Ditinggalkan, Aspirasi Umat Islam Lewat Kelembagaan For- mal,” Kompas, 22 Oktober 1986.
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