Islam dan Negara - Democracy Project

More documents

Recommendations

Info

BAB II D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t MENAFSIRKAN ISLAM POLITIK DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN TEORETIS Yang paling penting di antara premis-premis ini adalah apa yang dapat kita sebut sebagai pandangan monolitik mengenai Islam dan, karena itu, dunia Islam. Asumsi ini, yang mendasari analisis atas berbagai perkembangan dewasa ini di dunia Islam, baik yang pada intinya bersifat memusuhi maupun yang simpatik, cenderung menyederhanakan dan meremehkan (kalau tidak menelantarkan sama sekali) keragaman konteks sosial, ekonomi dan politik wilayah-wilayah dan negara-negara yang termasuk ke dalam dunia Islam. — — —Mohammed Ayoob 1 Hubungan antara Islam dan politik di Indonesia memiliki tradisi yang amat panjang. Akar-akar genealogisnya dapat ditarik ke belakang hingga akhir abad ke-13 dan awal abad ke-14, ketika Islam—seperti dikatakan banyak kalangan—pertamakali diperkenalkan dan disebarkan di kepulauan ini. Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya yang kemudian inilah Islam, sambil mengadakan dialog 1 Mohammed Ayoob, “The Myth of the Monolith,” Mohammed Ayoob (ed.), The Politics of Islamic Reassertion, London: Croom Helm, 1981, h. 3.
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t yang bermakna dengan realitas-realitas sosio-kultural dan politik pada tingkat lokal, terlibat dalam politik. Pada kenyataannya malah dapat dikatakan bahwa Islam, sepanjang perkembangannya di Indonesia, telah menjadi bagian integral dari sejarah politik negeri ini 2 —meskipun ini tidak serta-merta berarti bahwa Islam secara inheren adalah agama politik, seperti dikatakan sejumlah pengamat. 3 Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa hubungan antara Islam dan politik di Indonesia memiliki sejarah yang amat panjang, patut disayangkan bahwa diskursus teoretis mengenainya berkembang 2 Mengenai perjumpaan antara Islam dan politik pada periode-periode yang lebih awal, lihat Theodore G. Th. Pigeaud, Islamic States in Java 1500-1700, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976; Robert Jay, “Santri and Abangan: Religious Schism in Rural Central Java,” disertasi doktor, Harvard University, 1957. Untuk pembahasan mengenai Islam dan politik pada periode kolonial Belanda dan pendudukan Jepang, lihat karya Harry J. Benda, The Crescent and the Rising Sun: Indonesian Islam Under the Japanese Occupation 1942-1945, The Hague and Bandung: W. van Hoeve Ltd., 1958; Deliar Noer, The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia 1900-1942, Oxford, New York and Jakarta: Oxford University Press, 1978; Alfian, Muhammadiyah: The Political Behavior of A Muslim Modernist Organization Under Dutch Colonialism, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1989; H.A. Suminto, Politik Islam Hindia Belanda, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1982. Untuk pembahasan mengenai periode kontemporer, lihat Deliar Noer, Partai Islam di Pentas Nasional 1945-1965, Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1987; B.J. Boland, The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971; Muhammad Kamal Hassan, Muslim Intellectual Responses to “New Order” Modernization in Indonesia, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kementrian Pelajaran Malaysia, 1982; Allan Samson, “Islam and Politics in Indonesia,” disertasi doktor, University of California, 1972; Ahmad Syafii Maarif, “Islam as the Basis of State: A Study of the Islamic Political Ideas as Reflected in the Constituent Assembly Debates in Indonesia,” disertasi doktor, The University of Chicago, 1983. 3 Lihat, antara lain, Donald Eugene Smith, Religion and Political Modernization, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1974; Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. — Islam dan Negara
Page 2 and 3: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t
Page 4 and 5: ISLAM DAN NEGARA Transformasi Gagas
Page 6 and 7: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t BAB
Page 8 and 9: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Isl
Page 10 and 11: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Hal
Page 12 and 13: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Pen
Page 14 and 15: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Keh
Page 16 and 17: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Buk
Page 18 and 19: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pas
Page 20 and 21: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t men
Page 22 and 23: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Pan
Page 24 and 25: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t men
Page 26 and 27: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mul
Page 28 and 29: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ked
Page 30 and 31: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Unt
Page 32 and 33: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Sel
Page 34 and 35: organisasi Buku D e m o c r a c y P
Page 38 and 39: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bar
Page 40 and 41: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Bel
Page 42 and 43: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sio
Page 44 and 45: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t unt
Page 46 and 47: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mak
Page 48 and 49: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Jik
Page 50 and 51: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t yan
Page 52 and 53: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mat
Page 54 and 55: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Dar
Page 56 and 57: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t lam
Page 58 and 59: perspektif trikotoMi D e m o c r a
Page 60 and 61: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Kel
Page 62 and 63: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t nga
Page 64 and 65: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ana
Page 68 and 69: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bun
Page 70 and 71: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Pet
Page 74 and 75: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dib
Page 76 and 77: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pad
Page 78 and 79: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dim
Page 80 and 81: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Hub
Page 82 and 83: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Sem
Page 84 and 85: D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pen
Page 86 and 87:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ole
Page 88 and 89:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Pad
Page 90 and 91:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t per
Page 92 and 93:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Sit
Page 94 and 95:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t “
Page 96 and 97:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t yan
Page 98 and 99:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t nas
Page 100 and 101:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mua
Page 102 and 103:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Soe
Page 104 and 105:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t aga
Page 106 and 107:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mel
Page 108 and 109:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ra
Page 110 and 111:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mem
Page 112 and 113:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Nam
Page 114 and 115:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ten
Page 116 and 117:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Unt
Page 118 and 119:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t aka
Page 120 and 121:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dia
Page 122 and 123:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t NU,
Page 124 and 125:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ke
Page 126 and 127:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Rep
Page 128 and 129:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t seb
Page 130 and 131:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t unt
Page 132 and 133:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t olo
Page 134 and 135:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dir
Page 136 and 137:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t kam
Page 138 and 139:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sep
Page 140 and 141:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t kai
Page 142 and 143:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dit
Page 144 and 145:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ter
Page 146 and 147:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t lah
Page 148 and 149:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Yan
Page 150 and 151:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pih
Page 152 and 153:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t lit
Page 154 and 155:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ber
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t NU,
Page 160 and 161:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t tan
Page 162 and 163:
BAB IV D e m o c r a c y P r o j e
Page 164 and 165:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t akt
Page 166 and 167:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dal
Page 168 and 169:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dog
Page 170 and 171:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Isl
Page 172 and 173:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t cat
Page 174 and 175:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Wah
Page 176 and 177:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ger
Page 178 and 179:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Pan
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t lak
Page 184 and 185:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t di
Page 186 and 187:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Den
Page 188 and 189:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t min
Page 190 and 191:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Kin
Page 192 and 193:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t nga
Page 194 and 195:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t lai
Page 196 and 197:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pen
Page 198 and 199:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ked
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ata
Page 204 and 205:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sa)
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Tid
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Kai
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t par
Page 220 and 221:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mod
Page 222 and 223:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dan
Page 224 and 225:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bah
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ind
Page 230 and 231:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t wew
Page 232 and 233:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t al-
Page 234 and 235:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t itu
Page 236 and 237:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t men
Page 238 and 239:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t nil
Page 240 and 241:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Men
Page 242 and 243:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Dal
Page 244 and 245:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t skr
Page 246 and 247:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sos
Page 248 and 249:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t kel
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sus
Page 254 and 255:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mer
Page 256 and 257:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ter
Page 258 and 259:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Kec
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t (ci
Page 264 and 265:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t teg
Page 266 and 267:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bua
Page 268 and 269:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Yus
Page 270 and 271:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t set
Page 272 and 273:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t wat
Page 274 and 275:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Muk
Page 276 and 277:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Yan
Page 278 and 279:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ber
Page 280 and 281:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bis
Page 282 and 283:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ras
Page 284 and 285:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t tuk
Page 286 and 287:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pur
Page 288 and 289:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Sem
Page 290 and 291:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t umu
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Tid
Page 298 and 299:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t for
Page 300 and 301:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dik
Page 302 and 303:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t gap
Page 304 and 305:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t teo
Page 306 and 307:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t (ne
Page 308 and 309:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t int
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t mua
Page 316 and 317:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ra
Page 318 and 319:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t nit
Page 320 and 321:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mes
Page 322 and 323:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t yak
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Zio
Page 330 and 331:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t kah
Page 332 and 333:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bag
Page 334 and 335:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mus
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t rok
Page 340 and 341:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ber
Page 342 and 343:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pel
Page 344 and 345:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mus
Page 346 and 347:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t . U
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Dam
Page 352 and 353:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Iro
Page 354 and 355:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t har
Page 356 and 357:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t di
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ali
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t keh
Page 374 and 375:
aKomodaSi Kultural D e m o c r a c
Page 376 and 377:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t “
Page 378 and 379:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ing
Page 380 and 381:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t jel
Page 382 and 383:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ked
Page 384 and 385:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sek
Page 386 and 387:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t baw
Page 388 and 389:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ban
Page 390 and 391:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dak
Page 392 and 393:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Nam
Page 394 and 395:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t rah
Page 396 and 397:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t dap
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bah
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t tua
Page 406 and 407:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t kom
Page 408 and 409:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t nge
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Soe
Page 414 and 415:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sio
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sim
Page 420 and 421:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ban
Page 422 and 423:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Int
Page 424 and 425:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mes
Page 426 and 427:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sil
Page 428 and 429:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t seb
Page 430 and 431:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t an
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Ket
Page 436 and 437:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sub
Page 438 and 439:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t pol
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t tin
Page 444 and 445:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t ala
Page 446 and 447:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t sej
Page 448 and 449:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t kem
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t man
Page 454 and 455:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Pen
Page 456 and 457:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t bag
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t art
Page 462 and 463:
daftar pustaka Buku, artikel dan do
Page 464 and 465:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t —
Page 466 and 467:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Rol
Page 468 and 469:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Eff
Page 470 and 471:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t and
Page 472 and 473:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Has
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Lew
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Mar
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Oep
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Rel
Page 490 and 491:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Sas
Page 492 and 493:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Sur
Page 494 and 495:
D e m o c r a c y P r o j e c t Wah
Page 496 and 497:
Koran dan Majalah D e m o c r a c y
Page 498 and 499:
Arifin, Bustanil Arkoun, Mohammed A
Page 500 and 501:
F Fagg, Donald Fakhruddin, A.R. Fat
Page 502 and 503:
disionalis,”; Islam Yes, Partai I
Page 504 and 505:
Medan Mehden, Fred R. von der Mekka
Page 506 and 507:
philosophische grondslag Piagam Jak
Page 508 and 509:
sinkretik 37; sinkretis 34, 334; si
Page 510 and 511:
iwaYat Hidup D e m o c r a c y P r
Page 512:
Yayasan Abad Demokrasi adalah lemba
show all

Islam dan Negara - Democracy Project

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?